MACROCERCUS. 287 



both are alike. The pancreas does not fill up the whole length of the 

 fold of the duodenum ; and its ducts enter near the same place with the 

 biliary ducts. 



This bird always turns the head down when it alights on the trunk 

 of a tree. 



The Parrot [Psittacus, Linn.]. 



The tongue of a parrot is much thicker, broader and shorter, than in 

 other birds, and the posterior edge terminates in two broad wings which 

 are larger than in other birds. The os hyoides is shorter. They have 

 a crop which lies on both sides of the trachea. The glandular part of 

 the oesophagus is where it passes between the lungs, so that it is about 

 an inch from the stomach, between which the oesophagus is very large 

 and pretty thin, and is continued into the stomach. 



The stomach is very small, about the strength of a jackdaw's ; it was 

 filled with stones, and the horny coat thrown into wrinkles, but it is 

 not very hard. The intestines are all folded on one another like the 

 duodenal fold, which is the largest, and the ends of some folds hie within 

 others. They have no caeca. The rectum is enlarged at the anus: 

 there is a small cavity above the anus. The length of the intestines is 

 4 feet 6 inches. The length of the bird was one foot. It has no gall- 

 bladder, but two hepatic ducts which communicate in the liver, and 

 enter the duodenum as the cystic and hepatic do in common. The 

 testes were very small. 



The Macaw [Macrocercus, Vieill.] . 



The stomach or gizzard is about as strong as a crow's, with stones in 

 it. The duodenum is as usual. The jejunum and ileum are folded 

 upon themselves, making three different bundles. The jejunum passes 

 from the last turn of the duodenum backwards, then downwards for 

 some way, and is folded up upon itself to the root of the mesentery 

 [first bundle]. From thence it goes to make another turn, but not upon 

 the last described, but a distinct one, which makes the second bundle. 

 After making the new fold it passes to the first, and makes a second 

 fold upon that, but not such a long one. From thence it goes to the 

 second bundle, and makes a second fold upon that like the former. 

 Then it comes to the first bundle and makes a third fold upon it, in 

 length between the first and second ; so that it goes alternately from 

 one to the other. After making the third fold upon the first bundle, it 

 makes a pretty long fold upon itself distinct from the others, which 

 makes the third bundle. The last of this fold adheres closely to the 

 right side of the gizzard, then passes backwards to the back, and then 



