STRUTHIO CAMELUS* 299 



some glandular parts at the back of the anus [cloaca], as also on one 

 side. The rectum has muscles which can pull it down. The anus has 

 muscles which pull it up 1 . The duodenum is 4 feet in length ; the first 

 loose intestine 22 feet ; the valvular and whole last part 44 feet ; which 

 make 70 feet in the whole. 



The length of this bird from head to feet in a straight posture is 

 9 feet, so that the guts are nearly eight times the length of the 

 a nim al. The length of the body is three feet and a quarter, which 

 makes the intestine twenty-one times the length of the body [or 

 trunk]. 



Where the valvulae conniventes become very few and imperfect, the 

 faeces seem to take on the appearance of being knotted. The situation 

 of the caeca is not, at their beginnings, as in other birds ; I could not 

 find any adhesions of them at their beginnings to the stomach. The 

 contents of the small guts were of a yellowish dusky colour, and of a 

 pulpy consistence, as in other animals. "What was in the beginning or 

 vascular part of the colon was of a dark green, and pretty thick ; when 

 I was cleaning this part, the valves seemed to retain these contents. 

 What was in the remaining part of the colon was lighter in colour, 

 and was divided into small portions through its whole length. This 

 animal does not digest the whole of its food, for there was a good deal 

 of whole corn in the faeces, as in those of a horse. 



In the stomach there were a great many halfpence ; some very much 

 worn down ; as also buttons, stones and nails ; all partly ground down. 

 The contents of the thick or last part of the stomach was very green, 

 owing to the regurgitation of the bile. 



The lungs 2 he along the sides of the spine, but do not come forwards 

 towards the anterior ends of the ribs, by half the length of the ribs, 

 so that the fore part of the chest, or that part enclosed by the ribs, is 

 filled up in the middle by the heart above and the liver below, and 

 laterally by cells which communicate with the lungs. 



The liver has two equal lobes, as in most other birds. There are 

 two hepatic ducts ; one, the largest, enters the duodenum close to the 

 stomach, in a retrograde direction so as to favour the passage of the bile 

 into the stomach : the other enters beyond the last turn, with the duct 

 of the pancreas 3 . There is no gall-bladder. The pancreas is small 

 for the size of the bird : it is situated as usual in this class : the end 

 nest to the stomach has a duct which passes on the outside. 



It may be said to have three mesenteries, viz. that for the duo- 



1 [Hunt. Preps. Phys. Series, No. 750.] 2 [lb. No. 1127.] 



3 [lb. No. 818.] 



