306 GRALLA.TORES. 



turns of the cervical vertebrae, is on their fore-part above, then on the 

 right side ; then behind at the first bend, and again gets on the fore- 

 part at the lower part of the neck; it becomes thicker and thicker 

 downwards, passes into the thorax without any crop, and about two 

 inches below the diaphragm dilates into the stomach, which is a kind 

 of dilatation of the oesophagus. The stomach passes down in the same 

 direction with the oesophagus for three inches ; then makes a sharp 

 turn up and terminates in the pylorus : it is somewhat of the shape of 

 the human, only that the oesophagus does not pass in at one side so as 

 to form a projecting end; its coats are similar to those of the human, 

 but rather stronger : it is covered with fat, and adheres to the neigh- 

 bouring parts as in other birds. The glandular part of the oesophagus 

 [proventriculus] occupies the upper part of the stomach. The duo- 

 denum doubles on itself for four or five inches, and between it lies the 

 pancreas. 



All the folds of the intestines are parallel to one another. There is 

 only one csecum as in the bittern, and that is but short. The intes- 

 tines are twice the length of the whole animal, and eight times the 

 length of the trunk. The colon is more than half the length of the 

 animal, and becomes large at the rectum. There is a cavity just above 

 the anus about an inch in length ; it contained whitish mucus, and seems 

 to be glandular on the inside, and of a black colour. The liver is divided 

 into two lobes, the right rather the larger. The ducts pass distinctly 

 and enter by two orifices, so that there is no probability of regurgita- 

 tion : there are, however, two or three cyst-hepatic ducts, but they 

 communicate with the ductus hepaticus in the liver. The pancreas is 

 but small ; it has two ducts, which enter the duodenum before it makes 

 the last turn, one with the hepatic duct, the other with the cystic : 

 they pass out of the pancreas near the small end, and, as the duodenum 

 is not so near the gland as in other birds, the ducts are seen for an inch 

 in length passing upon the mesentery between the two duodenal folds. 



The kidneys are shorter than common, as the lungs come lower, and 

 the bones of the pelvis are shorter and less deep than usual ; so that 

 the kidneys are both short and more superficial. The ureters open [into 

 the cloaca] by a nipple, larger than those of the vasa deferentia, and 

 nearer the upper part of the anus, but not more externally. The capsulae 

 renales are yellow throughout ; and, on cutting through them with a 

 knife, it was covered with the yellow substance, just as in a putrid spleen. 

 The testicles are about the size and very much of the shape of the 

 common magpie's ; they He upon the capsulae renales. They are black 

 in colour, only the lower end of the left was white. The vasa deferentia 

 are very small, and open on the sides of the anus, each by a little nipple. 



