310 GRALLATORES. 



for they will climb up wall-trees to the top of the wall : I had one that 

 climbed to the top of a hop-pole. The eye is large, with a broad 

 orange-coloured iris. 



The tongue is long and peaked. The oesophagus is large. The 

 stomach is an enlarged continuation of the oesophagus, somewhat of the 

 shape of a pear : the smallest end is where the oesophagus enters : it is 

 attached all round by loose cellular membrane, so that it cannot be said 

 to have any peritoneal coat. It is membranous, yet has a centre of 

 union of its muscular fibres which is tendinous, so as to give it a regular 

 motion. The gastric glands occupy the upper half x : as it has no grind- 

 ing function, its inner surface is villous. On the left side the duodenum 

 begins, about an inch above the bottom ; but between the beginning of 

 the duodenum and stomach there is a bag ; or we may say that the 

 duodenum begins in form of a small bag 2 . It passes down on the 

 right, as it were, enclosing the other intestines, and bends round their 

 lower part towards the left, then is folded back upon itself, going up the 

 right side towards the basis of the liver, and makes a slight serpentine 

 course, or two or three convolutions ; it then goes down again. Into 

 this upper bend enter the ducts of the liver, gall-bladder, and pancreas ; 

 the pancreatic duct crossing the hepatic duct, and entering by the side 

 of the cystic. The intestine now makes a turn down, about half-way 

 of the duodenal fold ; then up again upon itself, somewhat higher than 

 the former ; then down again and turning up between the two last, as 

 high as the hollow curve of the last, making a fold between them ; 

 when got down again it makes two or three loose short turns, where 

 there is a little point like a csecuru : it then goes up again, then down 

 and up again, within itself; then down upon the last; then winding 

 round behind the lower part of the last to the left of the whole ; then 

 up upon the left, and immediately bends down upon itself, and becomes a 

 loose intestine for a convolution or two. Just behind the lower ends of 

 these turns of the former folds, the gut passes up behind the whole, 

 towards the left, making a kind of sweep down, and terminates in the 

 rectum. There is one caecum. The rectum passes down straight, and 

 forms a large cavity, which may be called vesica recti. 



The Portuguese Bittern, which I shot when crossing the Tagus 

 [Nycticorax europcEits, Latham; Ardea caboga, Pennant]. 



It is white, has long wings and a short tail, a long small neck, small 

 head, yellow iris, long small black bill ; long legs of a dark colour, 

 mixed with a slight green : the lower part of the thigh is naked for 



1 [Hunt. Prep. Phys. Series, No. 521.] 2 [ib. N . 520.] 



