326 NATATORES. 



so far forwards as the ends of the ribs at the upper part, and, as in 

 other birds, they do not extend so far forwards at the lower part, but 

 lie in the hollow made by the spine and ribs on each side. The lungs, 

 when coarsely deprived of the surrounding parts, weighed 9 drachms 

 and 2 scruples ; and the bird appeared as large as a small goose. From 

 the lungs can be blown up the whole cellular membrane of the body. 

 By blowing into the trachea, the cellular membrane of the skin to the 

 body is everywhere filled, as the base part of the leg surrounding the 

 lower end of the tibia, and the wings as far as the pinion, and on the 

 pinion itself ; up the neck as far as the head, but not so much on the 

 back and upper part of the head. From thence the air passes among 

 the muscles of the eye, going along the upper and lower bills. Under 

 the pectoral muscle there is a hollow [or air-cell], the pectoral muscle 

 being attached only at its origin and insertion, and by the vessels and 

 nerves coming into it, appearing as if they were dissected. All the 

 other muscles inserted into the os humeri had also this appearance of 

 being dissected, as also the blood-vessels and nerves coming to these 

 places. The thigh was hardly attached to the body or ribs, but by 

 membranes forming two or three large cells filled with air. The air 

 passed into the canal of the medulla spinalis surrounding the dura 

 mater : and on the roof of the mouth, behind the posterior nares, is a 

 slit, which is the opening of an air-duct [eustachian tube] which passes 

 back to the posterior edge of the ridge on which the bone of the lower 

 jaw slides, and then enters the bones of the skull l . 



The Large Pelican from Arabia [Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linn.]. 



The stomach is similar to that in the pelican from the West Indies, 

 above described. The curve of the duodenum, which terminates in the 

 jejunum, goes much higher on the right of the stomach than the begin- 

 ning of the duodenum. The jejunum makes a sweep down to the 

 right, then towards the left and up, making an oblong spiral turn 

 within itself, then back, but not within the other, but upon it, having a 

 central mesentery ; and where it is strung on the edge of the mesentery 

 we shall call it 'ileum' 2 . The ileum passes along the edge of the 

 mesentery in pretty deep scollops towards the left ; then makes a long 

 fold on itself, the last part of which passes higher up behind the 

 stomach and mesentery to the root of that membrane, and then bends 

 down the back to form the rectum. The caeca are about 2 inches long 



1 [The kidney of a pelican is preserved in Phys. Sei-ies, No. 1197, and the tongue 

 and upper larynx in No. 1472.] 



- [The structure of the small intestine is shown in Phys. Series, Prep. No. 675.] 



