PHALACROCORAX CARBO. 327 



each, and are pretty near the anus, which makes the rectum short. 

 The rectum opens somewhat obliquely into the reservoir. The whole 

 length of the intestines is rather short. I could find but one duct to 

 the liver, or rather gall-bladder (but of this I am not certain), which 

 was large and honeycombed ; it opened into the duodenum before its 

 termination in the jejunum. 



The pancreas is a round body placed above the beginning of the 

 duodenum, whose duct opens near to the entrance of the duct of the 

 gall-bladder. This bird has the air diffused through its body similar to 

 the West Indian pelican 1 . 



This pelican had a bezoar in its intestine, which appeared to be too 

 large to pass ; and probably was the cause of its death. 



The Cormorant [Phalacrocorax Carbo, Briss.]. 



The iris is green : it has little or no tongue, like a fish. 



The two nostrils join into one backwards, before they open into the 

 mouth. 



The oesophagus is pretty large, and is much of the same size all the 

 way to the stomach. The stomach is oblong, turned up at the lower 

 end, and lies much in the direction of the body of the animal. At the 

 curve there is a small round tendon having all the muscular fibres run- 

 ning towards it. The coats of the stomach are thin ; but there were 

 stones in the stomach, so that digestion is assisted here by abrasion. 

 The duodenum is as in other birds, but is pretty long. The jejunum 

 makes a fold like the duodenum, is then coiled upon itself, and the gut 

 makes another turn or fold before it passes down the back to form the 

 rectum : it is hardly possible to tell where the rectum begins, only that 

 it is a little thicker in its coats. The caeca are two small swellings, one 

 on each side of the rectum. The liver is divided into two lobes, the 

 right one being much the larger. The gall-bladder lies in the curve 

 of the stomach. The hepatic duct enters about an inch on this side, 

 where the duodenum forms its third curve, and the cystic duct enters 

 at the third curve. The pancreas is small and irregular, having its 

 ducts entering the gut between the two ducts of the liver ; it has a 

 small process running upwards behind, and attached to the stomach. 

 The spleen is situated behind the stomach, is broad and thin ; the flat 

 sides are turned backwards and forwards ; the right edge being the 

 thickest, and is attached to the stomach by vessels. 



The legs are short, like a duck's, and are thin ; one edge, which is the 

 thickest, is turned forwards, the other backwards ; and there are muscles 



1 [See the preparations of the air-bones, Osteol. Series, Nos. 1173 — 1179.] 



