TESTUDO. 359 



being attached to them by a thin membrane or meso-oviduct, which 

 begins much higher. In the floating edge of this membrane the duct 

 begins by an oblique division of the membrane into two, [the ' ostium 

 abdominale '], and its coats become thicker as it approaches the neck of 

 the bladder or urethra : it is considerably convoluted in this passage. 

 The two oviducts woidd seem externally to be united across the rectum 

 just before their openings. They open by the ureters just before they 

 open into the rectum [uro-genital canal], and exactly wbere the vasa 

 deferentia open in the male. The clitoris begins at the opening of the 

 urethra by a shallow groove, which becomes deeper and deeper, owing 

 to the two edges rising higher, until at last they make a slight projection 

 in the anus 1 . 



A [Freshwater] Tortoise, from Mr. Parkins, No. 40, Upper 

 Wimpole-street [Emys] . 



This was about 9 or 10 inches long, and 7 wide ; with the skull 

 [comparatively] flat, similar to the common German tortoise \_Cistudo 

 eurojpcea]. The ileum was continued into the colon, but there was no 

 caecum ; however, when blown up, the colon had a swell on one side 

 more than the other. The length of the small intestines was three 

 times the length of the animal. The gall-bladder lay in a hollow of the 

 right lobe of the liver, attached by a broad surface. 



The Small Turtle from Mosquito Shore [Emys ornata, Gray 2 ] . 



This is about the size of a large crown-piece, and is prettily marked. 

 It lived with me about two years in a hot-house, in water, and some- 

 times out of it. It ate worms. The viscera were similar to those of 

 the tortoise. 



[Family TERRESTRIA, Land Tortoises. 



Genus Testudo, Cut.] 



The body, or what is commonly called the shell in this genus, contains 

 the whole of the animal ; for the head, extremities, and tail are only 

 occasionally projecting parts, and the bases whence the four extremities 

 spring, as the bones of the shoulder and pelvis, are wholly contained 

 within the shell ; and the thigh when drawn up projects in the lower 

 and lateral parts of the abdomen. These last circumstances make a 



1 [Hunt. Prep. Phys. Series. No. 2720.] 



2 [It is dissected, and forms the Hunt. Prep. Phys. Series, No. 1271.] 



