378 REPTILIA. 



of a pale clear yellow colour. The pancreas lies in the bend of the 

 intestine behind the gall-bladder : it is conglomerated. 



The heart appears to be as in a snake. The trachea begins soon to 

 be cellular on one side, and semi-annular on the other, "which is at last 

 lost, and the whole becomes cellular on the inner surface, which may 

 be called lung, although probably answering another purpose. There 

 is but one lung, which passes down the back the whole length of the 

 cavity of the abdomen. At the upper part the trachea is gradually 

 lost in the lung, which becomes larger and larger towards the middle 

 and less sacculated or cellular, and then begins to contract again, and 

 terminates in a small duct at the lower part of the abdomen. The 

 lung, I imagine, acts as an air-bladder \ Two oviducts. Two ovaria. 

 Two kidneys, which are placed near the lower part of the abdomen, 

 with ureters about 2 inches long. 



The form of the anus is different from either that of the lizard or 

 the newt, but it seems to be a mixture of both. It terminates in two 

 lips, as in the newt, but they are in a deep sulcus, having a semicircular 

 edge opposing them. If this had the broad thin scale covering the 

 whole, it would be somewhat similar to the anus of the lizard or the 

 [land] snake. 



This animal, although it breathes air, yet must be a constant inha- 

 bitant of the water; for in one of the same colour I found a vast 

 number of barnacles 2 on its tail. Now, if it left the water occasion- 

 ally, we could hardly suppose that barnacles would be allowed to form 

 or take root on the body or skin, and we must suppose tbat these 

 barnacles could not be above a year old, for they must come off when 

 it casts its skin, which we may suppose from analogy to be once every 

 year. 



This animal was near casting its old skin, for it was loose, and there 

 was the new one formed underneath, which was of a clearer colour, and 

 which was also separated from the cutis in many places, by a degree of 

 putrefaction, looking as if it had two cuticles. The barnacles came off 

 with the old skin. 



[Order Batrachia.] 

 The Toad [Bufo vulgaris, Laurenti] . 



Toads, when they spawn, have the ova taken up by the mouths of 

 the oviducts ; and, as they are conducted down the tube, they are 



i [Hunt. Preps. Phys. Series, Nos. 1089, 1090.] 



2 [Cineras Hunteri, Owen : the preparation is described in my ' Catalogue of the 

 Invertebrate Natural History of the Hunterian Museum,' 4to. 1830.] 



