SALAMANDRA. 381 



enters the auricle, makes a considerable swell : I should suspect that 

 the superior veins come down to enter this swell also. A small vein 

 enters the left auricle, which is most probably the pulmonary vein. 



The oesophagus is small. The stomach is an oblong body, which 

 makes a bend and half a twist upon itself, which bend lies in a sulcus 

 of the liver, almost like a gall-bladder. Then the whole small intes- 

 tine makes four or five spiral turns upon itself, which are returned back 

 again, making in the whole eight or nine turns ; they then go down to 

 form the rectum, which is larger. There is no ca5cum. 



The pancreas is very large, lying in a fold of the stomach, and 

 beginning of the duodenum. The spleen is a round body lying on the 

 left of the stomach. 



The liver is principally in the right side, is pretty large and irregular, 

 having a great number of deep sulci in it, and at the bottom of one 

 lays the gall-bladder \ 



The kidneys lie along the back, and are pretty large. The bladder 

 is large. 



It has a pair of very large appendiculse adiposse attached to the back, 

 and between these attachments were two bodies, but whether testes or 

 not, I could not say. 



The Viviparous Newt, commonly called " Salamander" [Sala- 

 mandra maculata, Laurenti] . 



This newt is pretty universal. I have had them from Portugal, 

 Spain, and Germany. 



I suspect there may be different species, or varieties of the same 

 species, in the same country ; for those I had from Portugal were not 

 similar in colour to those from Gibraltar ; yet I should suspect they 

 have the same in Spain that they have in Portugal. 



There is a great variety of newts [Triton, Laurenti] in this country; 

 but I believe they are oviparous ; and I suspect are more in the water 

 than the others. They [Triton] are more like the frog in that respect, 

 while the others [Salamandrct] are more like the toad. 



Their food is most probably insects ; I found woodlice in the stomach 

 of the one from Gibraltar. I believe they [Salamandrci] do not inhabit 

 the waters except when they bring forth their young, but they live in 

 moist places. 



The eft or newt in Portugal, which is often called the salamander, is 

 very large, and I believe only appears in the autumn, when the rains 

 in Portugal come on. They are an amphibious animal like the frog, 



1 [The Hunterian preparation, No. 3289, showing part of the liver, the pancreas, 

 spleen, and spirally coiled intestine, is from the Sana paradoxa.] 



