AMPHIUMA. 391 



The liver is a long small body running in the same direction with 

 the abdomen, and is nearly two-thirds the length of that cavity. Its 

 upper end begins a little way below the heart, upon the left side of the 

 inferior vena cava: at this part it is small or thin; but, becoming 

 thicker as it passes down, it comes at length to enclose the vena cava 

 entirely ; at the lower end it becomes smaller again, and this is the 

 place where the vena cava enters into it. The gall-bladder is a rounded 

 body lying in the sulcus of the liver near its fore part, and a little to 

 the left side ; the duct arises from its superior and left side, and, passing 

 upwards and somewhat to the left, it enters the gut a little way below 

 the stomach (after having perhaps divided in its course). The vena 

 portarum enters the liver a little way below the gall-bladder. I coidd 

 not find any pancreas, but the part was torn where the pancreas is 

 usually situated. The spleen is a long small body lying on the left of 

 the stomach, to which it adheres by a thin membrane, and having its 

 lower end attached to the left side of the upper part of the mesentery. 



The kidneys are placed at the lower part of the belly, behind the 

 rectum. They are flat bodies smaller at their upper ends : the ureters 

 enter the rectum near the anus. 



The ovaria are oblong ash-coloured bodies 1 situated near the lower 

 part of the belly, on the side of the mesentery, behind the lungs. 

 "Where the oviducts begin, I could not observe ; but there is a ligamen- 

 tous Hue beginning at the upper part of the abdomen which runs 

 down on the outside of the muse, lumborum, going behind the ovaria ; 

 then is attached to the outside of the kidneys, and joins the rectum 

 close upon the anus : this [cord] is hollow 2 from the anus upwards to 

 a little way above the ovaria. Along the fore part, of the ovaria is 

 placed a long small piece of fat, which will probably be larger or 

 smaller according to the condition of the animal. 



The bladder is a very long tube, reaching more than one-third the 

 length of the abdomen, and is connected to the inside of the abdominal 

 muscles. It opens into the rectum on the fore part near the anus. 



Of the Circulation of the Blood. — This is very singular. The heart 

 consists of an auricle and a ventricle. The auricle is large in proportion 

 to the ventricle, and is placed on the left and upper end, but projecting 

 forward, so that the ventricle is, as it were, sunk in the sulcus of the 

 auricle. The aorta, or ' arteria pulmo-branchialis,' arises from the 

 upper part of the ventricle, larger than one would expect in such an 



1 [These bodies haying the structure of the testes, I placed the Hunterian prepa- 

 ration showing them in the series of male organs, as No. 2397, ' Phys. Catal.' vol. iv. 



2 [The dilated vesicular part of the vas deferens.] 



