402 pisces. 



the base, and hardly there, by [the glandular substance of the] liver. 

 It is made up of two long bodies lying on each side of the spine, almost 

 through the whole length of the abdomen : each terminates in an 

 obtuse point below, becoming smaller to that point. At the union 

 above, the vessels enter, viz. the arteries and the vena portarum. This 

 vein passes up between the two lobes, and when got at the upper part, 

 it divides into two, one going to the right lobe, the other to the left, 

 which two branches are obliged to be reflected down to ramify through 

 the substance of the liver. The vena cava hepatica forms a large bag 

 between the liver and the oesophagus ; then passes through the diaphragm 

 in two canals, which join and form one vena cava above the diaphragm 

 which enters the auricle. 



In a shark sent me by Dr. John Hunter from Brighthehnstone, the 

 vena cava hepatica formed a very fine network, or spongy body, just 

 between the liver and diaphragm, in some degree surrounding the 

 oesophagus there. This, in texture, is very like the corpus cavernosum 

 of the penis. The gall-bladder is in some degree sunk in the left lobe 

 near the union ; for it is partly covered by the substance of the liver. 

 It is seen in many on the convex surface, in others not, probably owing 

 to size, fullness, <fec. : it is globular, and smooth on the inside. The 

 cystic duct passes out at the lower part of the gall-bladder (as the 

 animal lies on its back), and runs through the substance of the liver 

 some way, then passes along a membrane that attaches the stomach to 

 the liver, and at about 2 inches from leaving the liver it joins the 

 hepatic, which common duct passes on to the duodenum, and enters the 

 coats of the canal leading from the stomach to the duodenum, before 

 that canal is lost in the pylorus : it then runs between the coats of that 

 part of the canal and the pylorus, and nearly 3 inches of duodenum ; 

 lastly enters that gut, not by a nipple, but by a smooth surface. The 

 hepatic ducts are two, one from the left, the other from the right lobe : 

 they pass out of the liver at the same part with the cystic, and join each 

 other about an inch from the liver ; the duct then passes on for another 

 inch, where it joins the cystic. 



In the shark which Dr. John Hunter sent me, the common duct did 

 not run in the coats of the uniting canal, but entered the duodenum 

 obliquely near its origin. 



The spleen in colour and consistence is very much like a dog's ; it 

 lies at the fundus of the stomach and upon the left side ; as it were, 

 enclosing that viscus, but it sends up a long small process along the 

 last part of the stomach towards the pancreas, which lies on the pan- 

 creas, adhering closely to it. 



The kidneys lie along the back, becoming thicker by degrees towards 



