410 PISCES. 



only a bone on the upper lip on each side, none on the lower ; besides 

 which it has two lips similar to land animals, and a kind of lip between 

 the anterior teeth and the three rows of posterior teeth. The nostrils 

 are two small holes in the anterior part of the face with projecting 

 edges : they lead backwards, becoming larger, as far as the posterior 

 part of the roof of the mouth, terminating in a blind end, being irregular 

 on the internal surface, but not so uniform as in many others. There 

 are large olfactory nerves. 



The stomach 1 is short, and round at the bottom; something in shape 

 like that in many birds. The duodenum passes out on the right side, 

 having a small constriction just at its origin, which may be called 

 pylorus ; it then makes a pretty quick turn down, which angle is rather 

 a little bagged, into which passes the duct of the liver. The gut 2 

 makes some slight turns to the rectum ; the whole length of the canal 

 being only about the length of the animal. 



The oesophagus, stomach, and intestines are attached to the back, by 

 almost one straight mesentery ; that of the oesophagus and stomach is 

 much the thickest : the vessels go out from the back, and then ramify 

 upon the liver, stomach, and intestines. Those to the mesentery are 

 two arteries and two veins, and pass along the mesentery to the rectum, 

 giving off the branches to the intestines on that side next to them ; 

 from each of these two arteries go to the intestine and mesentery, so 

 that it is double at this part. On each side of the mesentery is attached 

 an epiploon ; these \vaite with one another over the pylorus like a ruffle : 

 at this part it is very narrow and double-edged. The liver has two 

 lobes, not so long as in the shark or dog-fish : there is no oil in it : the 

 lobes are united at the basis ; so that it is rather one body with two 

 flaps, the right being the largest. The gall-bladder, large and round, 

 lies between the two lobes of the liver : the bile is green. Cyst-hepatic 

 ducts, eight or ten in number, enter the bladder near where it is going 

 to terminate in the ductus vesicae. There is no ductus communis 3 . 



The pancreas appears to be extremely small, just at the entrance of 

 the duct of the liver, but I suspect that it is somehow diffused in the 

 epiploon. The duodenum would appear to be glandular in its substance, 

 which, if so, answers the same purpose. 



The spleen is a pretty round body, only a little depressed on some of 

 its sides. It is of a dark slate colour, placed nearly with its middle in 

 the mesentery at the upper part of that membrane ; one half on one 

 side of the mesentery, the other half the other, covered with a pretty 

 strong coat, which separates easily like the coat of a human kidney. 



1 [Hunt. Prep. Phys. Series, No. 501.] - [lb. No. 631.] 3 [lb. No. 811.] 



