444 INSECTA. 



the point of an apparatus of a horny substance, which is to serve as a 

 basis for the penis to act from : the duct passes through and opens 

 externally. Within these lies the penis, but of what shape, &c, I have 

 not yet seen, 



[Order Orthoptera.] 

 The Grasshopper \_Acrida (Phasgoneura) viridissimd] . 



The stomach 1 and intestine is one continued canal ; only larger at 

 the stomach part. There lies upon the stomach, and in the same direc- 

 tion, long bags with blind ends, largest next to the oesophagus : there 

 are six or seven of them. About their middle they are attached to the 

 stomach, and there communicate with it by openings in their sides. 

 They contain a curdy substance. I should suppose them to be the 

 pancreas ; or perhaps they may form the gastric juice, as [the proven- 

 triculus does] in the bird. 



The air-vessels are very numerous, and ramify over every part of the 

 body ; they are of a red colour. 



The air-bladders are made up of spiral threads, as in the large moth. 



The grasshopper has a large hole on each side of the thorax, from 

 which goes a tube to a joint of the second leg 2 , and a branch of this 

 tube goes down the leg for some Way. 



The noise of the grasshopper is not produced by the mouth, as they 

 have no determined lung, and consequently no larynx. It is produced 

 by a vibratory action of their wings, and the abdomen seems to work 

 as if driving out the air. It would appear that the air is driven out at 

 some holes, which, lighting on the vibrating wings, may increase the 

 sound like the blowing on the jews' harp 3 . 



The Flying Mole, or Mole Cricket \_(rryllotalpa vulgaris]. 

 The ovaria are two large bags, one on each side, filled with eggs 

 which are loose in those bags. Each bag forms a duct, which unite 

 into one at the lower end, and the common duct opens at the anus. 

 These two ducts are extremely tender, so much so as to make it difficult 

 to remove the scales of the belly without tearing them : the better way 

 is to remove the scales of the back, as also the intestines, «fec, to 

 expose them. 



i [Hunt. Preps. Phys. Series, Nos. 473, 474.] 



s [J. Muller, ' Zur Yergleich. Physiol, des Gesichtssinnes,' &c., 1826, p. 439, and 

 v. Siebold, ' Ueber das Stimm- und G-ehororgan des Orthopteren,' 1844, have 

 described a similar structure in the first pair of legs of the Grryllus hieroglyphic and 

 allied grasshoppers.] 



3 [Modern entomologists attribute the sound to rapid friction of the femora of 

 the hindmost legs against the elytra, as the sound of a violin is produced by friction 

 of the bow on the strings.] 



