28 CLASSIFICATION 



Parts of Generation: one penis, as in the Second; penis grooved 1 , 

 as in the Second and Third. Some are oviparous, as frogs, &c. 2 ; others 

 viviparous, as the salamander 3 . 



Organ of Hearing : some have a membrana tympani, as the frog ; 

 others none, as the tortoise 4 . 



The Fourth or Fifth Class is very distinct from the former, as far as 

 I know. 



Of the Similarity of many Parts of the Fowl and Three-cavity-hearted 

 Animals, especially those called Amphibious. 



The lungs of the fowl open into thin cells or bags that are in the 

 cavity of the belly. The cells of the lungs are large. The lungs in 

 the Tricoilia are continued into the belly, are cellular at the upper part, 

 but in most, e. g. the snake, become smooth bags at the lower end 5 ; as 

 it were, answering the same purpose as the abdominal bag in fowls : 

 the cells of the lung-part are large. No proper diaphragm in either 

 class : but fowls have something similar to one. The gall is green in 

 both. The kidneys are placed in what may be called the pelvis, in 

 both 6 : they are conglomerated in a particular manner, have the ureter 

 ramifying through their whole substance 7 , and it enters into the rectum. 

 The urine is a chalky substance in many of both classes, and is a kind 

 of slime in others. The testes are situated in the abdomen, in the 

 males of both. The vasa deferentia enter the rectum in both. The 

 penis is grooved in both. Both are oviparous. The structure of the ear 

 is similar. The heat [of the body is] very different [in the two classes]. 



Classes of Animals according to their Brains. 

 Of the First Class of Animals that have Organs of Sense, and conse- 

 quently have Brains*. — The brain in this class of animals is scarcely 



1 [Hunt. Prep. Nos. 2444-2452.] 2 [lb. Nos. 3270, 3271.] 



3 [lb. Nos. 3296-3299.] 



4 [The homologue of the ear-drum exists in all Chelonia ; but, as in Ophidia, the 

 membrane is less distinct and free from adhesion than in lizards and frogs. Hun- 

 ter's division of the Reptilia of Cuvier into two classes is founded on the generative 

 organs. The Crocodilia and Chelonia are separated from the Lacertilia and Ophidia 

 by having the intromittent organ single, instead of double. Hunter's error lies in 

 associating them with the Cuvierian Batrachia, which have no intromittent organ ; 

 and have modifications of the procreative system winch led Hunter himself to make 

 the separation, and place the Batrachia with Fishes in the ' generative ' system of 

 classification.] 



5 [Hunt. Prep. No. 1088.] 6 [lb. Prep. Nos. 1179-1183.] 



7 [lb. Preps. Nos. 1189-1195.] 



8 [The preparations (Nos. 1304, 1305, 1306) which illustrate the condition of the 

 nervous system characteristic of this ' class ' are derived exclusively from the Mol- 



