44 NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN. 



of the Human. The sternum is not so near the back-bone. The trunk 

 of the monkey is not so flat from fore to back, so that the ribs are not 

 so crooked ; especially the first rib, which makes it flatter between the 

 right and left sides ; and this obliges the vessels arising from the great 

 curvature of the aorta to be fewer and closer to one another. The iliac 

 bones do not spread forward and fly out laterally, but rise higher or 

 are longer. The sacrum is not so pyramidal. The symphysis pubis is 

 longer. The tuberosity of the ischium projects further back or down. 

 The whole pelvis is not so much thrown back. The spine does not 

 project so much in the thorax. The clavicles are not so long ; so that 

 the shoulders do not project so far out and back ; therefore, of course, 

 they are more forward and are nearer the sternum. 



The head is not so broad laterally, but is longer between the upper 

 part of the occiput and the mouth, and is not so deep between the os 

 frontis and basis cranii. The face is oblique, and is not transverse as in 

 many brutes, nor in the direction of the body, as it is in the human 

 [i. e. the face between the forehead and nostril]. The nose is longer 

 in proportion; the upper jaw projects forwards; and, as it were, 

 encloses the nose, which seems flat. The jaw is rounded, making half a 

 sphere, which is completed by the lower jaw. The jaws are narrower 

 from side to side, but the opening of the lips is longer. The chin is 

 rounded off [in the direction backward as it descends]. 



The head of a monkey is just as if a human head had been pressed, 

 between the basis and upper part of the os frontis. It would, in that 

 case, be squeezed out backward and also at the mouth ; but as this 

 would increase the length of the head, it is as if a semilunar section 

 had been taken off the upper part of the head, and another smaller 

 section off the occiput, — the vertex being left entire, which would become 

 more pointed, and the alveolar processes being allowed to push forward. 



The penis is not so detached from the body when flaccid, and throws 

 itself more into a serpentine course. 



The mocock, the mongoose '[Lemur'], and the sagouin [Ha/pale], are 

 not to be reckoned in with the monkey-tribe ; they have more of the 

 quadruped in them than the monkey in general has, but are very near 

 the monkey in many respects. They have the agility and manners of 

 the monkey. 



The next animal to the Human, after the monkey and mocock, in the 

 shape of body, is the bear ; and his actions, of course, are equally near : 

 but he is not equally near in every part. His greatest likeness is in the 

 four extremities ; the head and trunk are not much (if any) nearer to 

 the Human than a lion's or dog's. 



Beasts have oftener stones or gravel in the pelvis of the kidney than 



