OBSERVATIONS IN NATURAL HISTORY. 45 



the human subject has ; but they very seldom have them in the bladder. 

 This must arise from the horizontal position of the body not allowing 

 the urine so free a passage into the bladder as in the human. 



Comparative Observations between the Human and Brute kind. 



The contents of the human pelvis adhere to the sides by a much 

 greater extent of surface than in any other animal. The intention of 

 this is perhaps to prevent a protrusion of these parts from the weight 

 of the viscera above, in the erect position of man. 



"What may be called the ' contents of the pelvis' in the human are 

 not the same as in other animals. The [pelvic] contents in the human 

 are, the urinary bladder and its appendages ; the uterus, vagina, and 

 their appendages ; the vesicula? seminales, the rectum, the sigmoid 

 flexure of the colon, and the lower part of the ilium. But, in the 

 brute, the two last are never in the pelvis ; and the funduses of the 

 former [uterus, bladder] are in the abdomen. In the human foetus, 

 however, it is as in the brute. 



The cheek-bones in the buman race appear to be the last parts of 

 the face that change. Every other part of the face shall be modelled 

 or softened down to the true European type, while the cheek-bones 

 shall continue high. 



The human is probably the largest animal which has a clavicle 1 . 

 Those quadrupeds [possessing the bone] are much smaller. It would 

 appear that the feet of the larger quadrupeds are only for progressive 

 motion and fighting. For progressive motion a clavicle was unneces- 

 sary, and their motion of fighting is very confined ; but, in most of the 

 smaller quadrupeds the fore feet serve as a kind of hands, and are used 

 in a variety of ways, as catching food, assisting in the division of that 

 food ; climbing, fighting, &c. 



The human is the best- grown animal of any when he is shedding his 

 teeth. 



Observations in Natural History. 



The Uses of Animals to Man. 



Large animals are employed in our service through the whole of 

 their rife ; some for work, as horses ; others for their produce, as cows 

 for milk, and sheep for wool : so that we rob them of their whole labour 



1 [He is the largest existing claviculate animal : the extinct Megatherium, through 

 whose pelvis a man might creep, had complete clavicles.] 



