NATURAL HISTORY. .53 



in herds ; goats, sheep, black cattle, horses, pigeons, crows, starlings, 

 ducks, fowls, guinea-fowls. As a proof of this, those that do not go in 

 herds or flocks will not be domesticated : thus, although the wolf may- 

 be domesticated, the fox will not ; although the pigeon may be domes- . 

 ticated, the dove will not. However, I do not know if this is a uni- 

 versal principle ; for many insects herd, as locusts, cockchafers, &c, 

 which shows, probably, that simply herding with each other is not 

 enough, although it may be essentially necessary. 



Manners of Young Animals influenced by the Parents. 



Young animals take much of their manners from their parents. If 

 the parent is perfectly tame and familiar with Man, the young are 

 never allowed to have any suspicions ; for, then, they are taught on all 

 sides. But, if the parent has any degree of shyness, although the 

 young are placed exactly in the same situation respecting Man as the 

 others, yet they will acquire a degree of wildness, exactly similar to 

 the parent. Thus the three -parts jackall could never be tamed in a 

 greater degree than the mother ; for, although they were very tame 

 when very young ; yet, when they began to understand the mother, 

 they became more wild and could hardly be tamed afterwards. But 

 one that was taken from her early, retained its tameness. The half- 

 bred wolves were very tame, from the bitch-mother being so. 



Mr. Walsh informed me of wolves being in the East Indies : he has 

 seen them and shot them. "We know there are jackalls. He says the 

 wolves pair ; and that the male and female together take care of the 

 same brood or litter. 



Of the Natural Disposition of Animals towards one another. 



The natural disposition of animals towards their fellow species or 

 genus, when divested of all [superinduced] habit, is the desire of de- 

 stroying one another ; not by way of prey, but through desire of 

 superiority ; or, as if in support of some hereditaiy right. This is a 

 principle seemingly implanted in all the common animals that we are 

 acquainted with. However, some have it much stronger than others ; 

 and it belongs much more to the males than the females. It does not 

 belong more to those animals which devour or eat other animals or 

 flesh, than to those which do not. 



This, then, is the first principle implanted, or the first desire that 

 animals have towards one another, upon the very first sight of any one 

 of their own kind. But, as soon as this superiority is known, they be- 

 come more sociable for the future ; and more so on the side of the 



