OF THE HORNET. 77 



which continues for the eighth of an inch, and then dilates to the size 

 [of that] above ; the intestine increasing gradually in size for about an 

 inch, till it is of the thickness of a crow-quill, and, for one-fourth of an 

 inch, continues of this size. It then diminishes a little for one-fourth 

 of an inch, and here receives a vast number of small ducts, which pro- 

 bably answer the purpose of liver and pancreas. These ducts enter all 

 round the intestine ; the intestine afterwards gradually diminishes to 

 the size of a hair-pin, and then opens into a large oval bag half as 

 large again as the stomach. It is transparent, and has six small opake 

 oblong bodies placed in the direction of the gut at equal distances, 

 nearer to the upper part of the intestine than the lower. They are so 

 closely attached to the gut as hardly to be separated from it ; but I find 

 they are only attached by the principal part of their surface ; and at 

 the lower end, or end next the anus, they are united to the gut. I sus- 

 pect they are glands, and that at this end of union the duct enters. 

 This bag is sometimes filled with a greenish fluid, and sometimes with 

 a few faeces of an oblong shape, of a brown colour and shining appear- 

 ance, like the ova of a grasshopper. The infestine contracts to the 

 size above, and terminates in the anus, under the upper and last scale 

 of the back, and superior to the first of the belly counting from below 

 upwards. The upper part of the intestine above the liver is more 

 transparent than the lower part, and appears to be convoluted, but it is 

 only the circular muscular fibres appearing through the coats of the intes- 

 tine ; and the inner surface appears to be plain in the lower part of the 

 intestine from the liver, but the muscular fibres run in a longitudinal 

 direction. The intestine from the pylorus to the anus takes three 

 spiral turns, and is about twice as long as the whole animal. What I 

 conceive to be liver consists of a great number of small single ducts 

 which seem to enter the gut separately. They are exceedingly small 

 and numerous, about an inch in length, and folded up in all directions. 

 On opening the abdomen and exposing the liver I have seen among 

 these ducts a greenish fliud which looked like transuded bile. 



The lungs consist of air-bags and vessels : there are two white bags 

 as large as peas, placed on the upper part of the abdomen on each side, 

 from the bottom of which goes a large air-vessel down each side, that 

 receives the smaller vessels that have been distributed through every 

 part of the lower part of the abdomen. The bags above receive the 

 branches from the parts contiguous : the air-vessels are white and 

 shining, and consist of a spiral thread in a circular form from end to 

 end, which may easily be unravelled by pulling the vessel asunder, 

 when the thread will wind off very easily. The air-bags and large 

 vessels going clown the sides are not of the above construction ; they 



