THE GRASSHOPPER. 97 



The air-canals were of a reddish colour, just as if containing some 

 red blood. They seemed to contain no more air than what might serve 

 for respiration. 



It had two very strong forceps [mandibles] making the upper part 

 of the mouth, the tongue lying on the under side or behind, and a thin 

 flap on the fore-part. There are other two, smaller and a little longer 

 [maxillae], just under them, which would appear to be conductors of the 

 food. There are, also, short tentacula [palpi]. The tongue is a broad 

 flat body, and seems so attached to the under part of the mouth, as that 

 both move together. 



The oesophagus begins on the posterior part of the tongue as in other 

 animals, passes through the neck, and in the thorax it becomes wider 

 and wider. It then contracts and immediately terminates in a little 

 pyramidal body, which is lined with a horny substance, which forms 

 longitudinal ridges, and which are serrated, fit to divide the food before 

 it passes into the stomach. The stomach at the upper end forms two 

 kind of caeca, and the above pyramidal body lies between them. One 

 of these caeca is forwards, the other posterior, answering to the form of 

 the body, which is deeper between back and belly, than from side to 

 side. This stomach is just at the termination of the thorax into the 

 belly. 



The large green grasshopper feeds upon animal food, for it eats 

 boiled meat. It tears it off with his two pincers, and the four short 

 tentacula guide it. They will hold a piece of meat between their fore 

 legs and chest and bite at it. I put a caterpillar to this grasshopper 

 and he devoured it soon. 



A grasshopper has two claws on the extremity of each foot ; also two 

 on what may be called the heel of the hind foot only. Along the sole 

 of the foot of the hind leg are two rows of eminences, four in each row ; 

 the two next to the external claws are the largest ; those at the heel 

 the next in size. The eminences on the fore and middle feet are some- 

 what different. Their legs are in pairs, and each leg of each pair moves 

 alternately. The two pairs of fore legs generally move twice for the hind 

 legs once, by which means the hind legs move a great deal at once. 

 He moves two legs at a time ; if he moves a right fore leg first, he also 

 moves a left middle leg : then the left fore leg and with it the right 

 middle leg ; so that in the motion of the four fore legs or the two 

 pairs, there is only the progress of one pair. This is exactly the same 

 with the trot of the quadruped, only it has not the jerk. 



The feelers [antennae] are moving constantly and in all directions ; 

 they are sufficiently long to touch bodies behind the grasshopper. 



When walking upon glass standing on edge, they very often nibble 

 at the soles of their feet with their mouth, which I suspect is wetting 



H 



