OP THE TEETH. 



141 



seldom any vacuity at all. The gradation from the least to the greatest 

 is evident. The human subject is the least of any 1 ; then the monkey, 

 mocock, sagouin, bear, lion, dog, and horse. The question is, why have 

 some animals longer jaws than others ? Tbis great length of jaw may 

 be on purpose to increase [add to] the length of neck in eating such 

 food as is near the ground, as grass, &c. 



Animals that are truly carnivorous, such as lions, wolves, dogs, foxes, 

 &c, have their teeth pointed with one or more points, and smaller 

 points surrounding the base of these points. They have the enamel 

 suiTounding the crown, and the bony part entirely in the middle of the 

 tooth ; the fang terminates in a point, and has no enamel. The fang is 

 long, and the body of the tooth is short, at least that part which is sunk 

 in the gam and socket. 



Animals that are eaters of vegetables, such as elephants, horses, 

 cows, sheep, goats, deer of all kinds, also all of the ' Scalpris Dentata' 

 kind [Rodentia, or rat and rabbit kind], have the grinders terminating 

 in a surface equal to the thickness of the body of the tooth. The 

 enamel in all of them runs through the whole tooth from end to end, 

 in a kind of veins very irregularly, and the fang or fangs do not ter- 

 minate in a point, and are very short from the body of the tooth, which 

 makes the body of the tooth longer than in those of others ; at least 

 that part which is sunk in the gum and bony socket [before it divides 

 into the fangs] makes the largest portion of the body of the tooth. 

 Those animals of the mixed feeding kind, such as the human, monkey, 

 sagouin, &c, have the teeth, with regard to the body, the fangs, and 

 the enamel, similar to the carnivorous. The teeth, in the gradual 

 change from the carnivorous [type] to the most herbivorous [one], begin 

 [the change] first at the. posterior grinder, and become more of the 

 herbivorous forwards, till they are lost entirely in the fore teeth 2 . 



Of the Formation of the Teeth of the Horse. 



The bony part first begins on a substance similar in consistence to 

 that of the human, but of very considerable length, and four or five in 

 number, in the grinders. 



This [complex dentinal pulp] lengthens as the teeth lengthen, so 

 that the tips of them [divisions of the pulp-substance] are always near 



1 [No existing species has the tooth-series so compactly in . contact as man : a few 

 extinct animals (Dichodon, Anoplotherium) resembled him in this respect. 



2 [The teeth, especially of the lower jaw, of the hog illustrates the meaning of this 

 statement.] 



