ON SYMPATHIES. 275 



children are often deceived ; yet the fondness for the thing carries them 

 beyond reflection and remembrance of past deceits. 

 Y^iuig people like sugar ; old people like pepper. 



On Hereditary Right. 



Hereditary right arises from the giver. Every man feels a desire to 

 have property, and every man has a right to have property ; and every 

 man feels a desire to dispose of it when he can enjoy it no longer ; and 

 as it is his property, he has a right to dispose of it. 



Every man feels an attachment to relationship. This naturally leads 

 to bequeathing this property to his relations, and to the nearest : it 

 is, in some measure, retaining it still. This property goes on in suc- 

 cession, from the same principle, and, when men unite for the benefit 

 of the whole, they make this a law ; because each has practised it, and 

 is receiving its benefits, and wishes to continue them. This becomes a 

 kind of reward for indiistry and for accumulation of property. 



No man wishes to die, to be eternally forgot ; what he leaves he con- 

 siders, or he feels, in some degree perpetuates his memory, which is a 

 means of incitement to great and good actions ; and it is not in human 

 nature to do good perfectly disinterestedly : he likes to have a share. 

 If a man puts up a monument for a great man, he wishes it should be 

 known who did it, and that the two should go down to posterity to- 

 gether. He is at the same time desirous that his son should come in 

 for a share ; he wishes the son should be known to be the son of that 

 man. 



On Sympathies. 



Sympathies may be said to be of two sorts, natural and habitual. 

 Without this sympathy few muscles would act ; for few muscles are 

 ever irritated themselves : but it is the part that is irritated which 

 receives the benefit of the action. Laughing and many other motions 

 of the muscles of the face arise from sympathy with all the senses 

 that receive pleasure. Crying and many other motions of the face arise 

 from sympathy with grief of all the five senses. Sympathy seems to 

 depend on a kind of ignorance or novelty of sensation, which is got 

 the better of by experience ; therefore old people sympathize less than 

 young. It is very remarkable that none of the sympathies can or ever 

 are reversed, therefore they do not arise from the communication of the 

 nerves, but from the effect of the brain upon the nerves. 



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