THE CHIMPANZEE 9 1 



many points in common, and so few in which they differ, 

 it is a matter of serious doubt whether they can be said to 

 constitute two distinct species or only two varieties of a 

 common species. This doubt is further emphasized by the 

 fact that all the way between these two extremes are 

 gradations of intermediate types, so that it is next to im- 

 possible to say where one ends and another begins. 



In view of all these facts, I believe them to be two 

 well-defined varieties of the same species. They are the 

 white man and the negro of a common stock. They are 

 the patrician and the plebeian of one race, or the 

 nobility and the yeomanry of one tribe. They are like 

 different phases of the same moon. The kulu-kamba is 

 simply a high order of chimpanzee. It is quite true that 

 two varieties of one species usually have the same vocal 

 characteristics, and this appears to be the strongest point 

 in favor of assigning them to separate species, but it is not 

 impossible that even this may be waived. Leaving this 

 question for others to decide as they find the evidence to 

 sustain them, we shall for the present regard them as 

 one kind, and consider their physical, social, and mental 

 characteristics. 



Whether they are all of one species, or divided into 

 many, the same habits, traits, and modes of life prevail 

 throughout the entire group, so that one description will 

 apply to all, so far as we have to deal with them as a whole. 

 Elsewhere will be related certain incidents which apply to 

 individuals of the two kinds mentioned ; but in treating of 

 them collectively the term chimpanzee is meant to include 

 the whole group, except where it is otherwise specified. 



