114 APES AND MONKEYS 



the latter word is often given almost in a whisper, and at 

 long intervals apart, increasing in loudness as the danger 

 approaches. The other word is usually spoken distinctly, 

 and frequently repeated. It is worthy of note that the 

 natives use a similar word in the same manner and for the 

 same purpose. 



There are other sounds which are easily identified but 

 difficult to describe, such as that used to signify " cold " or 

 "discomfort"; another for "drink" or "thirst," another 

 referring to "illness," and still another which I have rea- 

 son to believe means " dead " or "death." There are per- 

 haps a dozen more words that can readily be distinguished, 

 but as yet I have not been able to determine their exact 

 meanings. I have an opinion concerning some of them, 

 but have not yet reached a final conclusion about them. 



The chimpanzee makes use of a few signs which may be 

 regarded as auxiliary factors of expression. He makes a 

 negative sisrn bv moving the head from side to side in the 

 same manner as man does, but the gesture is not frequent 

 or pronounced. Another negative sign, which is more 

 common, is a wave-like motion of the hand from the body 

 towards the person or thing addressed. This sign is some- 

 times made with great emphasis. There is no question 

 as to its meaning:. The manner of making this sisrn is not 

 uniform. Sometimes it is done by an urgent motion of the 

 hand. Bringing it from his opposite side, with the back 

 forward, it is thrust towards the person or thing approach- 

 ing. The interpretation is, that the ape objects to the 

 approach. The same sign is often made as a refusal of 

 anything offered him. Another way of making this sign 



