CONSUL II 193 



The most sagacious specimen of the race that I have 

 been brought in contact with is Consul II, who is now an 

 inmate of the Bellevue Garden in Manchester, England. 

 He has not been educated to perform mere tricks to grat- 

 ify the visitor, in the way that animals are usually trained, 

 but most of the feats that he performs are prompted by 

 his own desire and for his own pleasure. There is a vast 

 difference in the motives that prompt animals in the exe- 

 cution of these feats. I have elsewhere mentioned the 

 fact that animals that are caused to act from fear do so 

 mechanically, and the acts are not a true index to their 

 intellect. While Consul and a few other apes that I have 

 seen do many things by imitation, they do not do them by 

 coercion. They seem to understand the purpose and fore- 

 see the result, and these impel them to act. 



Some of the feats performed by this ape I have never 

 seen attempted by any other. One accomplishment is the 

 riding of a tricycle. He knows the machine by the name 

 of " bike," although it is not really a bicycle. He can 

 adjust it and mount it with the skill of an acrobat. The 

 ease and grace with which he rides are sufficient to pro- 

 voke the envy of any boy in England. He propels it with 

 great skill and steers it with the accuracy of an expert. 

 He guides it around angles and obstacles with absolute 

 precision. He is allowed to go at liberty a great deal of 

 his time ; and this is the proper way to treat these apes in 

 captivity. He rides the wheel for his own diversion. He 

 does not do it to gratify strangers or to " show off." 



Another accomplishment which Consul has is that of 

 smoking a pipe, a cigar, or a cigarette. This may not be 



