42 AUSTRALIAN BOTANY. 



calyx cohere more or less, so as to form a single piece. 

 Of course, as with the corolla, the margin may be dentated 

 or serrated or divided, for some little distance, but it 

 is gamosepalous on account of the length of the tube. 



Some plants — such as the gums, Hakeas, Grevilleas, 

 Banksias 1 {Australian honeysuckles), docks, and nettles — 

 have no corolla ; they are therefore apetalous (without 

 petals). Others, like the willow, have neither calyx nor 

 corolla. This is called a catkin mode of inflorescence. 

 Grasses and cereals have also substitutes, called glumes 

 (husks). It is incorrect to use the word calyx in reference 

 to grasses. 



A catkin or amentum bears scaly bracts. The willow, 

 osier, hazel, poplar, birch, and walnut are examples. The 

 catkin differs from a true spike in being deciduous, and 

 bearing unisexual (one sex) flowers, which are not contained 

 in true floral envelopes. 



Stamens (Plates IV. and V., S) are composed of two 

 parts — the filament or stalk, and the anther or pollen- 

 bag (4). In some plants there are no filaments, the anthers 

 are then sessile (without a foot-stalk). Filaments may be 

 in tubes, bundles, or loose; so may the anthers. 



Atithers are composed of two halves or lobes, fixed at 

 the top of the filament where such exists, and have in the 

 interior of each lobe a cell or cells containing the pollen or 

 fertilizing dust. 



The manner or position in which the stamens are 

 attached to parts of the flower is termed insertio?i ; they may 

 be under, around, or upon the ovary. See figs. 8, 9, 10. 



1. Below the base of the ovary — hypogynons — (Plate 



1 See illustration on cover. 



