54 ENVIRONMENT OF VERTEBRATE LIFE, ETC. 



seen at several places, as at North Cape, and on the shores of Mill River south 

 of Alberton, the pebbles being of quartz, with, occasionally, pieces of hard meta- 

 morphic rocks. On the ridge about lo miles north of Wood Island, and on the 

 road to Cardigan, a deposit of well-rounded pebbles is seen which have evidently 

 been derived from beds of these conglomerates in the vicinity, and traces of which 

 can be recognized in place. 



"In character most of these red rocks are very similar to the beds seen in 

 the sections along the Wallace and Waugh Rivers on the north side of the Cobe- 

 quid Mountains in Nova Scotia. They are sometimes interstratified with beds 

 of grayish sandstone which are usually thin and irregular, the gray colour appar- 

 ently due to the elimination of the red colouring matter through the agency of 

 plant stems which frequently occur in these lowest beds. This character is well 

 seen at St. Peter Island, near the entrance to Charlottetown Harbour, as well 

 as on Governor Island near by. Further east similar gray irregular beds are 

 exposed in parts of the section at Gallas Point. 



"On the west coast the nearest approach to this feature was observed on the 

 shore at Campbelltown, where, underlying the great series of red shales and 

 sandstones which form the cliff between Big Mimenegash and Wolf Cape, coarse 

 reddish grits with grayish bands crop out at the base of the bluff. While these 

 may not be quite so low in the series as some of the lowest beds of Gallas Point, 

 they apparently indicate the lowest members of the series in this direction. 



"These are overlaid by a considerable thickness, probably aggregating several 

 thousands of feet, of soft red sandstones and shales, occasionally with bands of 

 impure limestone, which are seen over the greater portion of the surface of the 

 island. Much of the sandstone is a dark red or red-brown, and these pass up 

 into red sandstones with shales which continue to the summit of the formation. 

 Throughout this series there is no very great variety as regards the character of 

 the rocks themselves, and all may be included in the same general group." 



(b) The Joggins Section. 



The important section at South Joggins, Nova Scotia, which faces west 

 from the east shore of Chignecto Bay, has been repeatedly described. The 

 latest statement by the Canadian geologists arranges the deposits as follows •} 



Joggins series: 



Late Pennsylvanian, 



Shulie formation; 

 Uplift and renewed erosion. 

 Middle Pennsylvanian, 

 Joggins formation. 

 Early Pennsylvanian, 



Boss Point formation; 

 Disconformity. 

 • . Mississippian, 



Windsor formation ; 

 Unconformity. 

 Cobequid series: 



Pre-Mississippian. 



^ Guide Book No. i, part n, op. cit., p. 331, 1913. 



