94 ENVIRONMENT OF VERTEBRATE LIFE, ETC. 



bearing horizons. Beede^ gives the following statement, which is as near 

 as we may hope to come at the present time: 



The Cowley County, Kansas, vertebrates which are very similar to 

 those from the Wichita formation in Texas come from 50 feet below the 

 Wreford limestone in the Neosho division of the Garrison formation. 



The vertebrates from the Eddy locality in Kay County, Oklahoma, 

 which may be equivalent to either Wichita or Clear Fork forms, come from 

 a horizon as high as the base of the Wellington shales, 460 feet above the 

 Cowley County horizon. 



The direct continuation of the Kansas Permo-Carboniferous beds into 

 eastern Oklahoma has been emphasized by Gould :^ 



"* * * while the Flint hills in Kansas consist almost entirely of limestones 

 and shales, still on the southern line of the State sandstones have already begun 

 to appear. To the south these conditions obtain more and more until the lime- 

 stone is entirely replaced by sandstone. * * * South of the State line the sand- 

 stones from the east and the red beds from the west begin to approach each other, 

 while the limestone ledges become thinner and thinner, and the flint less pro- 

 nounced. 



"In general * * *, it may be observed that in going eastward from a red- 

 beds region toward the Carboniferous the sandstones and shales, which have 

 been of a deep brick-red color, become more and more brownish and grayish, 

 and finally lose entirely their characteristic hue and take on that of the older 

 formations. The lithology changes also. * * * 



"The Marion and Wellington formations^ narrow rapidly in northern Okla- 

 homa, and their place is taken by the red beds. Perhaps it is more correct to 

 state that the color of the shales appears to change to the south, and to become 

 red, while at the same time more of the red sandstone comes in, all tending to 

 change the formation in lithological appearance to that of typical red beds. 



"A section of the Twin Hills, 7 miles east of Ingalls, eastern Oklahoma, 

 shows three ledges of limestone, the thickest of which is not more than 4 feet, 

 while all the rest of the rocks are either red shales or sandstones. Above these 

 limestones are ledges of grayish or red sandstones, which thicken to the south 

 and west, and, in the region between Stillwater and Orlando, assume the red tint 

 so common in the red beds. * * * The line of separation between the rocks of 

 these two ages [Carboniferous and Permian] must finally be drawn far out in 

 the red beds." 



"* * * These formations^ [Marion and Wellington] narrow rapidly in northern 

 Oklahoma, and their place is taken by the red beds. Perhaps it is more correct 

 to state that the color of the shales changes to the south, becoming red, while 

 at the same time more of the red sandstone comes in, so that finally the formation 



' Beede, J. W., The Neva Limestone in Northern Oklahoma, with Remarks upon the 

 Correlation of the Vertebrate Fossil Beds of the State, Oklahoma Geological Survey 

 Bull. 21, p. 36, 1914. 



2 Gould, C. N., Notes on the Geology of Parts of the Seminole, Creek, Cherokee, and 



Osage Nations, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 11, p. 185, 1901. 



3 Gould, C. N., General Geology of Oklahoma, Second Biannual Report Oklahoma Geo- 



logical and Natural History Survey, p. 27, 1902. 

 * Gould, C. N., Geology and Water Resources of Oklahoma, U. S. Geological Survey, 

 Water Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 148, p. 35, 1905. 



