96 ENVIRONMENT OF VERTEBRATE LIFE, ETC. 



from the base of the Lenapah to the Pawhuska, which equals the Deer 

 Creek and Hartford of Kansas. The details of the stratigraphy of the Red 

 Beds in Oklahoma are summarized in Publication 207 of the Carnegie 

 Institution, pages 51 and 56, and need not be repeated here. 



C. THE LATE PALEOZOIC IN TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO. 



A very full description of the stratigraphy of the Permo-Carboniferous 

 red beds of north central Texas was given in Publication 207 of the Carnegie 

 Institution, pages 19 to 41, and need not be repeated, but some repetition 

 of the accounts of the shading of the red beds into the limestones is necessary. 

 Cummins in 1897 described the gradual change from red shale to limestone 

 on the south and southeast side of the red beds:^ 



"By walking along the outcrop every foot of the way we were enabled to 

 note the gradual change in the lithological character of the bed. [Following a 

 prominent bed of the Albany northeastward we found] the limestone * * * 

 gradually changed in composition to a calcareous sandy clay, entirely destitute 

 of fossils * * *. North of the Brazos River, in the area heretofore designated 

 as the Wichita division in previous reports, the strata of the escarpment became 

 more and more composed of red clay, and the limestone beds less conspicuous. 

 The limestone gradually loses its limy nature." 



Gordon records the same observations:^ 



"The red sandy shales and red standsones so conspicuous in the Wichita 

 Valley region were replaced southward in large part by blue shales, light-colored 

 sandstones, and limestones. In some places the transition from a sandstone to a 

 limestone was plainly seen. * * * It is the conclusion of the author that the 

 red beds of this region are the near-shore representatives of the Albany and the 

 decision as to their age will rest upon that of the latter." 



In 191 1, Gordon,^ discussing the relation of the Albany to the Wichita, 

 says: 



"When traced northward, the limestones of both the 'Albany' and the 

 Cisco formations diminish in thickness, while there is a corresponding increase in 

 the intervening beds of shale. In the case of the 'Albany,' the limestones show 

 also a change, becoming more earthy and irregular in their texture, and some of 

 the beds passing into gray indurated clays. The few limestones in the upper 

 part of the Cisco formation disappear entirely in the northern part of Young 

 County. Along with this change there is an increasing development of red clay, 

 alternating with blue. * * * 



"At Fane Mountain, a low elevation in the southeastern corner of Throck- 

 morton County, is an outcropping of limestone characterized by an abundance 

 of Myalina permiana. These beds occur at intervals northward in eastern 

 Throckmorton County, and at Spring Creek in the northwestern corner of Young 



1 Cummins, W. F., The Texas Permian, Trans. Texas Acad. Sci., vol. 11, No. I, p. 95, 1897. 



2 Gordon, C. H., The Red Beds of the Wichita-Brazos Region of North Texas (Abstract), 



Science, vol. 29, p. 752, 1909. 



3 Gordon, C. H., The Wichita Formation of Northern Texas, Jour. Geol., vol. 19, p. 118, 191 1. 



