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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



cared for children orphaned by the mas- 

 sacres, while English missions, schools, 

 and orphanages attest a deep interest in 

 the Armenians. But the greatest work 

 done among them has been done by 

 the Americans, whose schools and hos- 

 pitals, says an Englishman, "might al- 

 most be called the makers of modern 

 Armenia." 



The American mission schools at Mar- 

 sovan, Adabazar, and scores of other 

 places are filled with Armenians, and the 

 men's colleges at Constantinople, Smyrna, 

 Beirut, and elsewhere, and the women's 

 college at Constantinople graduate each 



year numbers of eager, intelligent Ar- 

 menian men and women. 



The American Board of Foreign Mis- 

 sions, through its hospitals, kindergar- 

 tens, schools, colleges and churches, its 

 Bible societies and its press, has done 

 an enormous work for the Armenians. 

 These institutions have generally been 

 open to other dwellers in the land ; but 

 the Armenians in their love for educa- 

 tion have always been the first to profit 

 by any school or literature at their doors 

 Often, also, they have been able to take 

 the work started by the Americans and 

 carry it on themselves, financing and ad- 

 ministering it. 



ROUMANIA, THE PIVOTAL STATE 



By James Howard Gore 



ANTIQUARIANS have for many 

 years looked upon the country ly- 

 L ing in the half embrace of the 

 Carpathian Mountains as a field for 

 pleasing speculation. Some find here the 

 home, if not the birthplace, of the Aryan 

 race, and while they realize the impossi- 

 bility of fixing dates, even with the accu- 

 racy of a century, the less imaginative, 

 though more cautious, student of race 

 migrations can give in sequence the move- 

 ments of peoples for twenty-five cen- 

 turies, at least, over the territory now 

 generically termed the Balkan States.* 



They tell us that this region, in com- 

 mon with the rest of Europe, received 

 its first blessings of civilization from the 

 Orient, brought thither by the Phoeni- 

 cians, the great merchants of antiquity. 

 This civilization, after its development 

 in Greece, spread westward and north- 

 ward, infusing new life in its onward 

 sweep, until Macedonia and Rome fell 

 under its sway, and the great expanse 

 lying immediately north of the Bosphorus 

 and Hellespont, across the Danube, even 

 to the foot-hills of the Carpathians, 

 yielded in lessening measure with each 

 advance to its beneficent influence. 



* For a map see "Map of Europe," 28 x 30 

 inches, in 4 colors, published as a supplement 

 to the August, 1915, number of the National 

 Geographic Magazine. 



With growth of power, both Greece 

 and Rome sought new lands to conquer; 

 Greece spread over the adjacent coun- 

 tries, while Italy, restrained on the east 

 by the Adriatic, moved northward and 

 thence to the east until the Danube Valley 

 was practically Romanized, and Trajan's 

 colony became so important that he gave 

 to it a part of his own name and called 

 it Dacia. 



ROMAN £NVY 



The fertility of the soil, added to the 

 increasing commerce and its natural forti- 

 fications, proved so attractive that migra- 

 tion thither aroused the envy of mother 

 Rome. Roman life, Roman usages, and 

 Roman civilization covered like a sheet 

 both banks of the Danube and became so 

 firmly fixed that the whole region was 

 like a lesser Italy. 



To this day Latin monuments and in- 

 scriptions are found, the language spoken 

 in some of the isolated districts reveals 

 its Roman origin, and the name, Rou- 

 mania, acknowledges its parentage; also 

 the people, out of fancied resemblance to 

 the great emperor, have preserved his 

 name in "Trajan's Table" ; and "Trajan's 

 Prairie" and the "Road of Trajan" is 

 their designation of the Milky Way. 



A more material road of Roman origin, 

 begun by Domitian, still exists along the 



