INTRODUCTION. 



FORAMINIFERA TO PELECYPODA, INCLUSIVE. 



TX this report the terms Lower and Upper Coal Measures are 

 only used relatively. The lowermost portion of the Coal 

 Measures is referred to as the Lower Coal Measures, and the 

 upper part as the Upper Coal Measures. As there is some 

 controversy concerning the boundary lines between these two 

 divisions, and as the material at hand is not of a decisive 

 nature, no attempt is made to draw any sharp division line, if 

 indeed one can be drawn otherwise than arbitrarily. The 

 collections studied, covering the entire Coal Measures area in 

 a very general way, show no very distinct faunal division 

 between the upper and lower rocks of the Coal Measures. 

 There are several species present in the lower portion of the 

 rocks that are absent in the upper, but for the most part the 

 species disappear gradually. 



Cleiothyris roysii and CJionetes mesoloba are common to the 

 lowermost strata only, and apparently below what is called the 

 Erie limestone by the University geologists. Somewhat above 

 this limestone Lophophyllum ivestii fades out, and in the Garnett 

 limestone are found the last of Productus com americanus and a 

 wide variety of the same species, and also Pleurotomaria missou- 

 rirnsis. However, this is considerably above what is generally 

 taken to be the limit of the Lower Coal Measures. For con- 

 venience, until a better and more complete study of the faunas 

 can be made, the limestone known in the Kansas reports as the 

 Erie limestone will be considered as the base of the Upper Coal 

 Measures. 



In almost all cases the labeling of the fossils herein described 

 is not specific enough to tell whether or not they are from below 

 tin- limestone ; consequently, their exact position with refer- 



