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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



The feet are small and catlike and the pointed 

 ears are held upright. The neck all round has 

 very deep fur, forming a sort of mane or ruff. 

 All in all, he is about the most distinct type of 

 dog to be seen. He has plenty of courage, 

 though he is generally prudent and keeps out 

 of trouble. With those he knows he is ex- 

 tremely patient, being in this respect a fine dog 

 to be among children. 



The Chow is a common dog in China, but in 

 this country he is regarded as an aristocrat, 

 which is not unreasonable considering his 

 proud bearing and ancient lineage. 



Whether black, red, yellow, blue, or white, 

 he is a dog of striking appearance and reminds 

 one of an animated Chinese carving. 



which he speaks. Probably no other dog has 

 such a deep bass voice, nor such a volume of 

 it. Yet it is as benign and kindly as his ex- 

 pression of countenance, and would tend rather 

 to inspire hope and confidence than fear, even 

 with the timid. 



The deep personal affection with which St. 

 Bernard owners invariably invest their com- 

 panions is the best expression of the character 

 of these great, dignified and rather somber dogs, 

 which inspire no fear, even in little children, 

 and which return the stranger's gaze with a 

 look of calm, steady, and indulgent tolerance, 

 and endure the advances of the unacquainted 

 with a patience and dignity that speak worlds 

 for their gracious and enduring disposition. 



ST. BERNARDS 



(For illustration, see page 233) 



The St. Bernard won both his name and his 

 fame in the Swiss Alps, where for many years 

 the monks of the Hospice St. Bernard have 

 used dogs to assist them in saving the lives of 

 travelers lost in the snow. One of these dogs, 

 Barry, saved 40 people and was killed by the 

 41st, who mistook him for a wolf. 



But the dogs used by the monks have changed 

 greatly in appearance from time to time. Oc- 

 casionally an avalanche will destroy a large 

 number, and those remaining will be bred to 

 Newfoundlands, Pyrenean sheep dogs, and 

 others having similar characteristics. 



Some of the dogs kept at the hospice now 

 resemble powerful foxhounds and would never 

 be admitted to an American bench show in 

 competition with modern St. Bernards, either 

 smooth or rough coated, such as are pictured 

 on page 235. 



The old-time working hospice dog had none 

 of the grandeur of this more modern successor 

 to his name, which has been compounded rather 

 recently of several other dogs. Still he is 

 about the most distinct of any of the large 

 dogs, the Newfoundland being the only dog 

 even remotely resembling him. 



Like all very large heavy dogs, this breed is 

 greatly given' to weakness in the legs, cowhocks 

 and weak hips being rather the rule than the 

 exception. The "dewclaw," or extra hind toe, 

 is also generally present (and was formerly 

 considered desirable). 



The perfect St. Bernard is a very large, very 

 strong, straight-backed, strong-legged, and 

 heavily organized dog, the colors, as shown, 

 being those most eagerly sought. They may 

 be either rough or smooth in coat. The best 

 American dogs are those of Mr. Jacob Rupert, 

 of Newark, N. J., and Miss C. B. Trask, of 

 California. Indeed, it is doubtful if their dogs 

 are to be surpassed anywhere. 



The benign St. Bernard should show, in both 

 types, broad, domed, massive head, loose skin, 

 deep-set, rather mournful, eye, haw quite pro- 

 nounced, and deep-folded flews and dewlap, 

 though he should not be too "throaty." What 

 is not mentioned in most brief accounts of this 

 dog is the tremendously impressive voice in 



COLLIE 



(For illustration, see page 238) 



There is little resemblance between the work- 

 ing "collie" of the Scottish sheep-herder and 

 the elaborately furred, slender faced, "bench- 

 dog now so popular. The broad-skulled, rather 

 neglected looking ''shepherd dog" of our boy- 

 hood, with his friendly, democratic manners 

 (or lack of them) would get short shrift now 

 at any show or gathering of the elite, while 

 of all dogs his handsome, richly frilled de- 

 scendant, with all the ear-marks of aristocracy, 

 is the cause of more "Ohs" and "Ahs" than 

 any other dog in the show. 



Nevertheless, one might see an "ornery-look- 

 ing," half-moulted type of the countryside han- 

 dle a drove of 3,000 or more sheep in Sas- 

 katchewan in a manner to bring one up stand- 

 ing. And when, on returning at nightfall, he 

 puts every ewe and lamb in one corral and 

 every ram in another, without error or vio- 

 lence, one feels like asking him if he would 

 shake hands with a mere spectator ! It is 

 doubtful if any borzoi-headed champion could 

 do that with a lifetime of training. 



Still, the collie is a most intelligent and hand- 

 some dog, and the present tendency is toward 

 a greatly elongated and consequently narrowed 

 head, forming almost a straightor even slightly 

 deflected line from nose to occiput. The neck, 

 throat, and chest bear a great frill of long hair, 

 and the back of the thighs also is very deeply 

 and richly furred. The hair of the body is 

 long and straight, rather harsh, but with a 

 deep and woolly undercoat. The feet, from 

 hock and wrist down, should be smooth. 



In color, the collie may be black and tan; 

 "sable," or rich orange brown, with white frill, 

 collar, and face "harlequin" ; or white, with 

 black spotting and freckling at random ; "blue," 

 or mouse color, and white, or even pure white 

 everywhere. Some few kennels specialize in 

 white collies and advertise extensively ; they 

 are very beautiful dogs, though probably re- 

 quiring more care to keep presentable than 

 the more "practical" colors, as our mothers 

 would call them. 



The collie should stand 20 to 24 inches and 

 weigh from 40 to 60 pounds. He requires con- 

 siderable exercise, and while growing up needs 



