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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



THE CONES DIMINISH IN HEIGHT AS THE RIM-ROCK OF THE BLUFF IS REACHED, 

 FOR THERE THE CONES APPEAR IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION 



Notice here the lava caps on the cones. Originally every cone had a cap of lava, and 

 indeed the protecting stratum of lava was the primary cause of the wearing away of the 

 pumice-stone into the shape of cones. 



because of their inability to get in or out 

 of the house. 



The cliffs of the Bakluzan Dere are 

 thickly studded with dwellings that give 

 evidence of being inhabited by a large 

 number of people, but I did not get a 

 glimpse of any of them, nor was a single 

 doorway open, though some of the en- 

 trance poles had not been pulled up. 



Troglodytes, or semi-Troglodytes, of a 

 ruder, but less inhospitable, type may be 

 seen in many places in Lycaonia. 



At Serai, north of Karaman, a stratum 

 of rock lies upon a bed of clay, which, of 

 course, may be excavated ad infinitum 

 without very great labor, and the forma- 

 tion is made, as it were, for the Troglo- 

 dytes. But the people who inhabit these 

 abodes are not true Troglodytes, since 

 they use them only during the long sum- 

 mer season. 



The life there is most crude, and the 

 cavities in the ground show no signs of 

 haVing been improved by man. It is cer- 



