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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



fayette, Bryn Mawr, Franklin and Mar- 

 shall, Washington and Jefferson, and 

 many other institutions which have given 

 many brilliant men and women to the na- 

 tion. The Carnegie Technical School of 

 Pittsburgh, with its elaborate engineering 

 laboratories; the Drexel Institute of 

 Philadelphia, with its fine course in the 

 textile art, and Girard College, where an 

 orphan boy is "mothered" and in due 

 course sent out into the world with a 

 college education in his head, a kit of 

 tools on his back, and a "grub stake'' in 

 his pocket, are types of special schools of 

 which there are a number in the State. 



Pennsylvania's shark in Two great 



INDUSTRIES 



There is no part of the story of Penn- 

 land that is more striking or of greater 

 significance than that relating to its in- 

 dustries. Modern civilization is based 

 primarily on coal and iron. They enter 

 into every truss and brace, every door- 

 post and cornice — indeed, into every ele- 

 ment of foundation and superstructure 

 of the edifice of human progress — for 

 man has been able to rise from his primi- 

 tive situation only as he has utilized them. 



In the year that George Washington 

 laid down the cares of life, the world was 

 using per capita less than a bushel of coal 

 and less than three pounds of iron, per 

 annum. In the year before the Hun un- 

 dertook his ill-fated program of making 

 the whole earth his own, the average 

 human being that inhabits the earth, 

 whether South Sea cannibal or American 

 business man, could claim four-fifths of 

 a ton of coal and nearly ninety pounds of 

 iron as his share of the world's output. 



The story of Pennsylvania without an 

 account of her share in these two great 

 industries would be like Hamlet with the 

 central figure forgotten. However, both 

 have been so ably described in previous 

 numbers of The Geographic (see 

 "Steel — Industry's Greatest Asset" and 

 "Coal — Ally of American Industry," in 

 the August, 191 7, and November, 1918, 

 numbers of The National Geographic 

 Magazine), that they are merely re- 

 ferred to, not described, here. 



Another industry in which Pennsyl- 

 vania was a pioneer is the manufacture of 

 Portland cement. With the age of con- 



