404 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



street several miles long. In the winter 

 evergreens take the place of the blossoms 

 in the baskets. The effect is charming. 

 But it is characteristic of Allentown and 

 the spirit of Pennsylvania. 



The importance of Alteona's railroad 

 shops is indicated in the fact that nearly 

 half as many people found employment 

 in them before the war as were required 

 to man the Federal Government machine 

 in Washington. 



Lancaster's claim to fame is expressed 

 in three superlatives : the largest linoleum 

 factory, the largest umbrella factory, and 

 the largest silk mill in the world. In ad- 

 dition, its output of books and magazines 

 devoted to science is extraordinary, and 

 its stockyards are the most extensive east 

 of Chicago. One of the finest watch fac- 

 tories in the world is located here, and, 

 although its industries give employment 

 to 23,000 operatives, the city has never 

 had a strike. 



York prides itself on the diversity of 

 its industries rather than upon the magni- 

 tude of any one, and in this particular it 

 takes rank after Philadelphia and Pitts- 

 burgh. McKeesport's pride in the largest 

 tin-plate plant in the world is justified, 

 while Newcastle produces more tin in 

 sheets and blocks than any other city ; 

 Chester is a veritable Vulcan-shop, with 

 ships sliding from the ways, locomotives 

 rumbling from its shops, and shells com- 

 ing by the carload, in war time, from its 

 munitions plants. 



And so the story goes, from Pennsyl- 

 vania city to Pennsylvania city. Where 

 the ambition of one turns in the direction 

 of silk, or tin, or heavy forgings,* another 

 is the center of a rich agricultural dis- 

 trict, or finds gratification in the fact that 

 it is distinguished for safeguarding and 

 improving its people's health. Take a 

 map of the State, and every dot repre- 

 senting a community of 10,000 or more 

 inhabitants would furnish a text for an 

 article on civic progress or industrial en- 

 terprise. 



Outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

 is much more populous than is New York 

 outside of New York City. Indeed, 

 Pennsylvania goes down to Philadelphia 

 with 6,325,000 population, while New 

 York goes down to the Bronx with 4,- 

 723,000. 



It is the large number of cities of less 

 than thirty thousand population that 

 makes Pennsylvania, outside its chief city, 

 such a populous State. 



A MONUMENT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 



No bit of literature compiled regarding 

 Pennsylvania could fairly represent that 

 State without at least a passing reference 

 to the religious sects which were trans- 

 planted there in colonial times and which 

 flourish to this day in nearly their primi- 

 tive simplicity. 



When William Penn founded his col- 

 ony, the central purpose of his life was 

 to establish an asylum where the perse- 

 cuted of all lands could come and worship 

 God according to their own consciences 

 and live according to their own religious 

 convictions. 



The Quakers came by the thousands. 

 Their meeting-houses sprang up every- 

 where. Not content to express their re- 

 ligion in their walk and conduct, they 

 gave it expression in their dress and in 

 their very words. The broad-brimmed 

 hat and the Quaker bonnet were seen and 

 the "thee" and "thou" were heard every- 

 where. The lives the Quakers lived won 

 the admiration of all who came into con- 

 tact with them, and much of the solid 

 development of the State is due to the 

 high standard of integrity and fairness 

 established and maintained by these peo- 

 ple of Quaker faith. 



Mennonites from Holland and Switzer- 

 land and the Rhine Country, persecuted 

 by nearly all creeds alike, came in large 

 numbers and developed into the success- 

 ful agriculturists of the three original 

 counties. The Dunkers of Switzerland 

 came as a body, root and branch. The 

 Schwenkfelders of Silesia, distressed by 

 persecutions that were without pity, 

 braved the perils of raging seas and un- 

 tamed forests in order to find a haven 

 where they could live in their faith. The 

 Moravians followed later, to share with 

 the other sects the blessings of tolerance 

 in the land of Penn. 



Humble, unsung, content to play their 

 quiet roles without the applause of men, 

 like the bee that renders an unconscious 

 service to the flower, these sects have 

 wrought richly in the making of the 

 nation. 



