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PALEONTOLOGY. 



smaller development of the olecranon, whereby, again, it more 

 resembles that of the sloths. The femur is relatively longer 

 and more slender than that of the terrestrial and fossorial 

 Edentata ; it has not the third trochanter which characterizes 

 it in the Orycterope, nor so marked a development of the 

 great and small trochanters as in the Pangolin. In the flat- 

 tened form of the shaft of the femur, and the position of the 

 rotular surface near one side of the distal end, it resembles 

 the femur of the Megatherium and Mylodon. As in the sloths 

 it is shorter than the humerus ; whereas, in both the Pangolin 

 and Orycterope the femur is longer. The tibia is much 

 shorter than the femur, and in the expansion of its proximal 

 end and its relative length to the femur it resembles that of 

 the Megatheroids more than that in the Pangolin or Orycte- 

 rope ; it was not anchylosed to the tibia as in the Armadillos, 

 Glyptodons, and Megatherium, but remained a distinct bone, 

 as in the Mylodon and sloths. 



In the same miocene deposits of the south of France as 

 those which contained the Macrotherium, fossil remains of 

 two kinds of Quadrumana, resembling a small and large 

 species of Hyldbates, have been discovered. 



Genus Pliopithecus, Gerv. — The smaller of these extinct 

 apes {Pliopithecus antiquus) is based upon the lower jaw and 

 dentition. The teeth occupy an extent of l-i inch ; the two 

 incisors are narrower, the canine less, and the last molar is 

 larger than in the siamang (H. Syndactyla). As in this 

 species the first premolar is uni-cuspid, and the hind talon 

 of the second is more produced than in the chimpanzee 

 and gorilla, and to the degree in which the fore-and-aft 

 diameter of the tooth exceeds the transverse one, it departs 

 farther from the human type ; in the degree of the develop- 

 ment of the talon or third lobe of the last lower molar, the 

 Pliopithecus resembles the tailed monkeys (Semnopithecus and 

 Innus). 



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