408 



PALEONTOLOGY. 



France. It is the Cervus martialis of Gervais ; and seems to 

 have been an intermediate form between the rein-deer (Tar- 

 andus) and the elk (A Ices). There is no existing represen- 

 tative of this interesting annectant form of deer. 



In formations of corresponding age in France, called 

 "alluvions volcaniques" by Gervais,* fossil antlers of two 

 other extinct species of deer have been discovered, in which, 

 as in Alces, the brow-antler is absent, but in which the beam 

 does not expand into a palm. 



In North America remains of a large deer (Cervus ameri- 

 canus fossilis, Harlan), much resembling the Wapiti (Cervus 



canadensis) have been found 

 in post-pliocene deposits on 

 the banks of the Ohio. In 

 South America Dr. Lund 

 discovered fossil antlers of 

 two species in bone-caves in 

 Brazil : they were associated 

 with remains of an ante- 

 lope (Antilope maquinensis, 

 Lund) of which genus no 

 living representative is now 

 known in South America. 



Of deer with antlers of 

 the type of the existing red- 

 deer (C. elaphus), a species 

 is indicated in post-pliocene 

 beds and bone caves which 



Antler of Red-deer, from alluviam, Ireland. riyaUed ^ MegacmJ8 in 



bulk (Strongyloceros spelceus) ; and with this are found, in 

 similar places of deposit, remains of a red-deer with antlers 

 equalling or surpassing the finest that have been observed 

 within the historical period. 



* Zoologie et Paleontologie Francaise, 4to, p. 82. 



Fig. 159. 



