EUKOP.EO-ASIATIC MAMMALS. 4-23 



The bear has its haunts in both Europe and Asia ; the 

 beaver of the Ehone and Danube represents the great Trogon- 

 therium ; the lagomys and the tiger exist on both sides of 

 the Himalayan mountain chain ; the hyama ranges through 

 Syria and Hindostan ; the Bactrian camel typifies the huge 

 Merycotherium of the Siberian drift ; the elephant and rhino- 

 ceros are still represented in Asia, though they are now con- 

 fined to the south of the Himalayas. The true macacques are 

 peculiar to Asia, and though most abundant in the southern 

 parts of the continent and the Indian Archipelago, also exist 

 in Japan ; a closely-allied sub-genus (Inuus) is naturalized 

 on the rock of Gibraltar at the present day. A fossil species 

 of Macacus was associated with the elephant and rhinoceros 

 in England during the period of the deposition of the newer 

 pliocene fresh-water beds. The more extraordinary extinct 

 forms of Mammalia, called Elasmotlierium and Sivatherntm, 

 have their nearest existing pachydermal and ruminant ana- 

 logues in the same continent to which these fossils are pecu- 

 liar. Cuvier places the Elasmothere between the horse and 

 rhinoceros. The existing four-horned antelopes, like their 

 gigantic extinct analogues, the Sivathere and Bramathere, are 

 peculiar to India. It may be regarded as part of the same 

 general concordance of geographical distribution, that the 

 genus HippoiJotamus, extinct in England, in Europe, and in 

 Asia, should continue to be represented in Africa, and in 

 none of the remoter continents of the earth — Africa also hav- 

 ing its hyaena, its elephant, its rhinoceros, and its great feline 

 Carnivores. The discovery of remains of Hycena cromta, now 

 peculiar to Africa, and of Ele r phas africanus, in bone-caves of 

 Sicily, and the shallowness of the sea stretching from that 

 island towards Africa, indicate the course of submergence of 

 part of the land once connecting Africa with Europe. The 

 Helladothermm of Greece, and other extinct species of Camelc- 

 pardalis in both Europe and Asia, of which genus the sole 



