52 



together, and leaving between them -a narrow groove extending from the fore- 

 head to a transverse concavity at the summit of the occiput. 



The temporal fossae are of huge proportions, and appear even to exceed those 

 of the greatest living carnivores, as the lion and the Bengal tiger. The zygo- 

 mata are as prominent as in these, but are proportionately of greater strength, 

 being both deeper and thicker. Excepting in their greater extension out- 

 wardly from the posterior root, as in the latter animals, in their sigmoid direc- 

 tion downward and forward they are more like those in the tapir. Their 

 outer surface is convex, and is directed obliquely upward. 



The temporal surface at the side of the cranium, and extending on the 

 zygomatic root, forms a'deep excavation or concavity slightly overhung by the 

 upper part of the temporal ridge. It exhibits a comparatively feeble swelling 

 about the position of the squamous suture, but much less conspicuous than that 

 in the tapir. The great hollow of the temporal surface is in striking contrast 

 with the swelling of the corresponding surface in the great living carnivores, 

 and while it is expressive of an equal if not greater extent of powerful muscles, 

 it is further expressive of a proportionate decrease in the capacity of the cra- 

 nium and therefore of a much smaller brain. 



The cranium is constricted at the sides at the lower part of the temporal 

 fossae, just in advance of their middle, and the fore part, independent of the 

 extension of the zygomatic roots, appears nearly as wide as the back part. 



The squamosals are large, and reach half way up the temporal surface. A 

 conspicuous group of neuro-vascular foramina occupy their upper back part, 

 including the contiguous part of the parietals. The occiput is wider than 

 high, is strongly concave above, but at the lower part slopes backward to the 

 margin of the occipital foramen. Its sides below are bent forward, as in the 

 tapir, and the lateral borders above, as in the latter animal, are produced in 

 wing-like expansions. The basal angles of the occipital triangle are formed 

 by comparatively short, wide processes, composed of the conjoined paramas- 

 toid and post-tympanic processes. These extend from within the position of 

 the occipital condyles and reach outwardly a considerable width beyond them, 

 but do not project much below the root of attachment of the condyles. The 

 occipital condyles are of greater proportionate width but less depth than in 

 the tapir or the bear; and they project from the occipital surface backward 

 more than in either of those animals. The occipital foramen is transversely 

 oval. 



