94 BIRDS OF CALIFORNIA AFFECTING FRUIT INDUSTRY. 



stomach. Scale insects amount to 19.83 percent, or practically one- 

 fifth of the whole food. Most of these were the black olive scale 

 (Saissetia olex), but a few were the plum and prune scales (Lecanium 

 corni and L. pruinosum). So persistently are scales eaten by this 

 bird that they were found in 142 of the 225 stomachs, or 63 percent 

 of all. While they did not entirely fill any stomach, in 26 they equaled 

 or exceeded 50 percent of the contents. Hemiptera other than scales 

 amount to a trifle over 1 percent. 



Caterpillars, pupae, and a few moths aggregate 7.7 percent. They 

 were mostly eaten in April and May. Pupae or larvae of the codling 

 moth were found in 26 stomachs, one stomach containing the remains 

 of 29. Flies, grasshoppers, a few other insects, spiders, and miscel- 

 laneous creatures make up somewhat more than 1 percent. Egg- 

 shells were found in several stomachs and the bones of a small fish 

 in one. The animal food of the grosbeak, it will be observed, is 

 nearly all included in the 3 items, beetles, scales, and caterpillars. 

 The other substances appear to be eaten merely as makeshifts. 



Following are the insects identified in the stomachs of the gros- 

 beak: 



COLEOPTERA. 



Platynus variolatus. Syneta albida. 



Rhizobius centralis. Gastroidea cyanea. 



Psyllobora taedata. Gastroidea sp. 



Megapenthes elegans. Lina scripta. 



Buprestis fasciata. Diabrotica soror. 



Podabrus sp. Diabrotica trivittata. 



Telephorus consors. Blapstinus sp. 



Telephones divisus. Deporaus glastinus. 



Telephorus sp. Scythropus calif ornicus. 



Aphodius rugifrons. Dorytomus hispidulus. 



Aphodius sp. Baris sp. 



Leptura militaris. Balaninus sp. 



HEMIPTERA. 



Saissetia olesc. Lecanium corni. 



Lecanium pruinosum. 



LEPIDOPTERA. 



Carpocapsa pomonella. 



HYMENOPTERA. 



Apis mellifera. 9 



DIPTERA. 



Borborus sp. 



Vegetable food. — Cultivated fruit amounts to 23 percent of the 

 grosbeak's food for the six months that it stays in the North. None 

 was found in the stomachs taken in April, but in all other months 

 there was a good percentage. Cherries appear to be the favorite 

 fruit, as they were contained in 42 stomachs. Figs were identified 

 in 24 stomachs, blackberries or raspberries in 23, strawberries in 2 ; 



