28 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 



of the last seen are: Henley Harbor, Ungava, August 21, 1860 

 (Coues); Montreal, Canada, September 27, 1892 (Wintle); Toronto, 

 Ontario, September 15, 1889 (Fleming). 



Long-billed Dowitcher. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say). 



Breeding range. — The long-billed dowitcher was found as a fairly 

 common breeder in the Anderson River region, Mackenzie (Mac- 

 Farlane), and breeds thence west along the Arctic coast to Point 

 Barrow, Alaska (Murdoch), though not commonly. It is an abun- 

 dant breeder at the mouth of the Yukon and on the shores of Norton 

 Sound (Nelson). The species is known from the northern coast of 

 eastern Siberia (Palmen), but as yet has not been found there breeding. 



Winter range. — The principal winter home seems to be the shores 

 of the Gulf of Mexico ; the species is common as far east as the Gulf 

 coast of Florida (Scott), and a few pass on to Cuba (Lawrence). It 

 is common in Mexico and Guatemala, has been recorded as far south 

 as Costa Rica (Frantzius), and it is probably this form that occurs 

 in Panama (Lawrence). 



Some form of the dowitcher occurs on the coast of Ecuador (Sal- 

 vadori and Festa) and in Peru as far south as Tumbez (Taczanowski), 

 but whether the eastern or western form has not yet been ascertained. 



Migration range. — There is a decided easterly fall migration which 

 brings quite a number of long-billed dowitchers to the Atlantic coast 

 of the United States. They are fairly common from Long Island- 

 southward, and a few have been taken on the coasts of Rhode Island 

 (Howe and Sturtevant) and Massachusetts (Brewer); and one, 

 August 12, 1891, at Hamilton, Ontario (Fleming). This is the form 

 common in the Mississippi Valley and it is also more common than 

 griseus, at least as far east as Ohio. There is one record of its accidental 

 occurrence in Japan (specimen in United States National Museum). 



Spring migration. — The long-billed dowitcher is only a straggler in 

 spring on the Atlantic coast, but has been recorded at Washington, 

 D. G, in April, 1884 (Smith and Palmer); Cape May, N. J., May, 

 1848 (specimen in United States National Museum); while on Long 

 Island, New York, a very early individual was seen March 20 (Law- 

 rence) . The species normally reaches northern Indiana and northern 

 Illinois late in April, but one was taken in 1889 at English Lake, 

 Indiana, on the early date of March 1 1 (Butler) . It was enormously 

 abundant along the west shores of Lake Michigan in the early days 

 of the settlement of the country, but of late years has become quite 

 rare. Some dates of arrival farther west are: Fort Brown, Tex., 

 March 27, 1853 (Cassin); Corpus Christi, Tex., March 24, 1889 

 (Sennett); Lawrence, Kans. ; April 19, 1873 (Snow); Omaha, Nebr., 

 April 28, 1856 (Cassin); Cheyenne, Wyo., May 3, 1889 (Bond); 

 Fort Kenai, Alaska, May 4., 1869 (Osgood); St. Michael, Alaska, 

 May 18, 1877 (specimen in Sennett collection); Fort Anderson, 



