WHITE-EUMPED SANDPIPER. 37 



south of their breeding grounds, and had probably traveled all of 

 this distance, for the pectoral sandpiper is not one of the species 

 whose nonbreeders remain through the summer far south of the 

 nesting grounds. If the fall migration was made at the same speed 

 as the spring migration, about 35 miles per day, these July Gulf 

 coast birds would have had to start on the return trip the middle of 

 May, or earlier than they reach their breeding grounds. The records 

 of this species combined with those of many others seem to indicate 

 that the earliest fall migrants travel at a higher speed than the 

 earliest spring migrants. This high speed in the case of the pectoral 

 sandpiper is continued to South America and brings the first to 

 Argentina by the end of August (Sclater and Hudson) . 



The regular fall migration of the young birds is a full month later, 

 and they reach the coast of Ungava after the middle of August 

 (Coues). Some late dates are: Northern coast of Siberia, August 20 

 (Pelzeln); Point Barrow, September 6, 1882 (Murdoch); St. Michael, 

 September 6, 1899 (Osgood); Unalaska Island, October 5, 1899 

 (Bishop); Nushagak, Alaska, October 15, 1884 (Osgood); southern 

 British Columbia, average October 16, latest October 25, 1905 

 (Brooks); Terry, Mont., October 21, 1905 (Cameron); Great Bear 

 Lake, August 29, 1903 (Preble) ; Montreal, average October 25, latest 

 November 1, 1890 (Wintle) ; Ottawa, Ontario, average October 29, 

 latest November 5, 1895 (White); Lincoln, Nebr., November 4, 1899 

 (Wolcott); Keokuk, Iowa, November 24, 1900 (Currier); Carlisle, 

 Pa., November 2, 1844 (Baird); Raleigh, N. C, November 15, 1894 

 (Brimley). A gunner near Newport, R. I., who shot 2,337 birds in 

 1867-1874, killed most of them between August 10 and October 10 — 

 extreme dates July 16, 1870, and October 20, 1874 (Sturtevant) . 

 White-rumped Sandpiper. Pisobia fuscicollis (Vieill.). 



Breeding range. — The only nests and eggs of the white-rumped 

 sandpiper so far reported are those taken near the coast of Franklin 

 Bay, Mackenzie, and on the neighboring Barren Grounds (MacFar- 

 lane). The species was seen near Cumberland Sound July, 1878 

 (Kumlien), under such conditions as to make it probable that it 

 was breeding, and is recorded as breeding at Cape Fullerton, Hudson 

 Bay (Low) . Many specimens have been taken on the west coast of 

 Greenland from near the southern end north to Upernivik, latitude 

 73° (Winge), but there is no proof that any of these were breeding. 

 At Point Barrow, Alaska, the species was noted June 6-July 6, 1883 

 (Murdoch), and June 2-14, 1898 (Stone), but again there is no cer- 

 tainty of breeding. None of the expeditions that lived and collected 

 on Boothia Peninsula and Melville Peninsula mention this species, 

 and it is not known to breed south of Hudson Strait. It is evident, 

 therefore, that the thousands of individuals of this species are crowded 

 during the breeding season into a rather narrow belt of tundra 



