56 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 



and the appearance of the first fall migrants; on the average the last 

 in spring pass May 28, latest June 14, 1901 (Scott), while the average 

 date of fall arrival is July 19, earliest July 10, 1887 (Scott). The 

 larger flights there do not come until August, and the species is most 

 common in September and October. Formerly this was one of the 

 common species of shorebirds and one much sought by gunners. 

 A hunter near Newport, R. I., shot 1,362 greater yellow-legs in the 

 eight seasons 1867-1874, on dates ranging from July 20, 1870, to 

 November 4, 1870; his highest score, 419 birds, was in 1873, from 

 August 19 to October 19. Dates of fall arrival are: Granville, Wash., 

 July 7, 1897 (Young); Utah Lake, Utah, July 26, 1872 (Henshaw); 

 Aweme, Manitoba, average July 29, earliest July 27, 1901 (Criddle); 

 Lipscomb, Tex. , one June 29, common July 8, 1903 (Howell) ; Pacheco, 

 Chihuahua, July 30, 1905 (Brown); Toronto, Ontario, July 28, 1891 

 (Nash); Cullingham Cove, Ungava, July 31, 1891 (Norton); Anti- 

 costi Island, July 8, 1881 (Brewster); Erie, Pa., July 28, 1896 (Todd); 

 Washington, D. C, July 24, 1890 (Richmond); Bahama Islands, 

 July 6, 1904 (Allen) ; Barbados, West Indies, July 25, 1886 (Manning) ; 

 Bonaire Island, off the coast of Venezuela, July 21, 1892 (Hartert). 

 Dates of the last seen are : Near Fort Churchill, Keewatin, August 

 8, 1900 (Preble); Hayes Run, Keewatin, August 30, 1900 (Preble); 

 Oxford House, Keewatin, September 10, 1900 (Preble); Cumberland 

 Sound, September 14, 1877 (Kumlien) ; near Fort Chimo, Ungava, 

 September 19, 1882 (Turner); Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, October 

 21, 1884 (Nash); Chilliwack, British Columbia, November 17, 1888, 

 (Brooks) , November 21, 1889 (Brooks) ; Long Island, New York, aver- 

 age November 5, latest November 20, 1901 (Scott). The late dates 

 of departure explain the name winter yellow-legs for this species. 



Yellow-legs. Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). 

 Breeding range. — The principal summer home of the yellow-legs is 

 the Barren Grounds and neighboring regions to the southward. The 

 species ranges north to southern Ungava (Selwyn) , central Keewatin 

 (Preble) , and nearly to the Arctic coast in northern Mackenzie (Mac- 

 Farlane) . It breeds north to Kotzebue Sound (Townsend) and Fort 

 Yukon (Dall and Bannister), but apparently does not occur on the 

 northern coast of Alaska. The southern limit of the breeding range 

 is imperfectly known; the species breeds in Yukon at least south to 

 Lake Marsh (Bishop), and in the interior probably to southern 

 Alberta (Macoun), southern Saskatchewan (Macoun), and northern 

 Quebec (Macoun). 



Winter range. — The yellow-legs passes south in winter to the Strait 

 of Magellan (Gay) and occurs at this season quite generally over the 

 southern half of South America, and even in the mountains up to 

 10,000 feet (Sclater). Winter records north of this region are few, 

 and probably only a comparatively small number regularly winter 



