HUDSONIAN CUKLEW. 73 



Alaska from the mouth of the Yukon (Nelson) north to Kotzebue 

 Sound (Grinnell). 



Winter range. — The principal winter home is on the Pacific coast, 

 where the species ranges from Ecuador (Salvadori and Festa) to 

 southern Chile (Chiloe Island; Pelzeln), and is especially abundant 

 toward the southern limit of the range. At this season it occurs also 

 on the coasts of Honduras (Taylor) and Guatemala (Salvin) and 

 north to the southern portion of Lower California (Belding). On 

 the Atlantic coast it occurs during the winter from British Guiana 

 (Quelch) to the mouth of the Amazon (Sharpe). 



Migration range. — The species probably does not breed in Green- 

 land, but it has been taken several times on the western coast as far 

 north as Jacobshaven, latitude 69° N. (Winge). It migrates east to 

 Ungava (Turner) and Newfoundland (Reeks), and passes down the 

 Atlantic coast and through the Lesser Antilles to its winter home; 

 but it is almost unknown in the Greater Antilles and in Central 

 America and northwestern South America from Nicaragua to Vene- 

 zuela. It is a common migrant and a probable breeder along the 

 western shore of Hudson Bay (Preble), but since it is unknown in 

 Saskatchewan and Manitoba it is evident that these Hudson Bay 

 birds turn southeastward and probably reach the New England 

 coast; for the bird is more common on the Massachusetts coast than 

 would be expected from the few individuals that occur in Labrador. 

 The species is scarcely recorded in the whole Rocky Mountain district 

 between central Nebraska and eastern California, and it is a rare 

 migrant in the Mississippi Valley, though a few use this route in both 

 migrations. The main migration route is along the Pacific coast, 

 and it occurs here west to St. Paul Island, Alaska (Palmer). 



Spring migration. — Records of arrival in the eastern United States 

 are: Sarasota Bay, Florida, March 22, 1872 (Moore); Port Royal, 

 S. C, April 14 (Mackay); Cobbs Island, Virginia, May 19, 1891 (Kirk- 

 wood); Cape May, N. J., April 12, 1907, "ten days ahead of the usual 

 time" (Hand); Shelter Island, N. Y., May 9, 1887 (Worthington) ; 

 Nantucket, Mass., April 10, 1891 (Mackay); but usually not in 

 Massachusetts before the middle of May. By what route these birds 

 reach the eastern United States coast is as yet unknown, for there 

 are no corresponding records in either the Lesser or the Greater 

 Antilles. 



The main migratory flocks reach the coast of southern California 

 the middle of March (Grinnell) and proceeding slowly northward have 

 been noted at Fort Kenai, Alaska, May 18, 1869 (Bischoff) ,-Nulato, 

 Alaska, May 12, 1866 (Pease); Kowak Valley, Alaska, May 17, 1899 

 (Grinnell) ; Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, May 29, 1865 (MacFarlane). 



Eggs were taken on the barren grounds west of the lower Anderson 

 River in late June and early July (MacFarlane), and in the Kowak 

 Valley June 14-20, 1899 (Grinnell). 



