74 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 



Fall migration. — On the western shore of Hudson Bay near York 

 Factory in 1900 the species was seen July 19, and was tolerably 

 common in that region nearly to the first of September (Preble) ; the 

 earliest date at Toronto, Ontario, is July 4, 1904 (Fleming). The 

 average date of arrival at Nantucket, Mass., is July 20, earliest July 

 13 (Mackay); earliest at Long Beach, N. J., July 9, 1879 (Stone); 

 Pea and Bodie Island, North Carolina, July 22, 1904 (Bishop); 

 Bermudas, August 14 (Reid); Barbuda, West Indies, August 12, 1877 

 (Ober). Two specimens were taken July 3, 1907, at Coronado de 

 Terraba, Costa Rica (Carriker), but these may have been nonbreeders 

 that had not made a northern journey. 



The individuals breeding in Alaska pass south along the Pacific 

 coast, and have been noted at the Farallons, California, July 16, 1896 

 (Loomis); Los Coronados Islands, Lower California, August 7, 1902 

 (Grinnell and Daggett); Chimbote, Peru, August 2-5, 1883 (MacFar- 

 lane); and by August 18, at Arauca, Chile (Sharpe). 



The Hudsonian curlew has been noted at St. Michael, Alaska, as 

 late as September 2, 1899 (Bishop) ; Morro Bay, California, November, 

 1891 (Nelson) ; Great Bear Lake, August 30, 1903 (Preble) ; near Cape 

 Churchill, Hudson Bay, August 24, 1900 (Preble); Henley Harbor, 

 Ungava, August 27, 1860 (Coues). Near Newport, R. I., a gunner 

 secured 30 birds in eight years on dates ranging from August 26, 1867, 

 to October 2, 1874 (Sturtevant) . Barbuda, West Indies, November 

 12, 1903 (specimen in United States National Museum). 



Eskimo Curlew. Numenius borealis (Forst.). 

 Breeding range. — The principal summer home of the Eskimo curlew 

 was on the barren grounds of Mackenzie, from near the Arctic coast 

 (MacFarlane) south to Point Lake (Richardson). Thence a few 

 ranged west as far as Point Barrow (Murdoch), but no nests seem to 

 have been found west of Mackenzie. 



Winter range. — Most of the species wintered in the campos region 

 of Argentina (Sclater and Hudson) and Patagonia, south at least to 

 the Chubut Valley (Durnford). It has been taken once on the Falk- 

 land Islands (Abbott). It was rare in Chile, south to Chiloe (Philippi). 

 At present there are no data to determine the northern limit in winter, 

 but probably few if any wintered much north of Buenos Aires. 



Migration route. — The curlew left the Barren Grounds in the fall 

 and went southeast to Labrador (Coues), where they gorged them- 

 selves for several weeks and became extremely fat. Then they 

 passed across the Gulf of St. Lawrence and struck out to sea heading 

 for the Lesser Antilles, nearly 2,000 miles distant. Some flocks 

 stopped for a few days at the Bermudas (Jardine), but if the weather 

 was fair the larger number passed on, flying both day and night, and 

 did not land during the whole trip. When storms interfered, the 

 birds were sometimes driven out of their course and appeared in 



