RUDDY TURNSTONE. 9T 



last ones noted were: Depot Point, Ellesmere Island, latitude 82 a> 

 45' N., September 11, 1875 (Feilden); Point Barrow, Alaska, August 

 29, 1882 (Murdoch), and September 4, 1897 (Stone); Nushagak,. 

 Alaska, September 21, 1902 (Osgood). A specimen is reported 

 taken September 8, 1904, at Pacific Beach, Calif. (Bishop), and one 

 September 8, 1892, on Monomoy Island, Massachusetts (Bishop). 

 Ruddy Turnstone. Arenaria interpres morinella (Linn.). 



Breeding range. — Undoubted breeding records of the ruddy turn- 

 stone are very rare. It nested on the Lower Anderson and Franklin. 

 Bay (MacFarlane), and specimens of the breeding birds have been 

 identified as morinella. Some form of the turnstone, probably^ 

 morinella, breeds on Melville Island (Sabine), on Melville Peninsula 

 (Parry), and at Bellot Strait (Walker), but its identity has yet to be 

 determined by the examination of specimens. 



Winter range. — The turnstone of the Western Hemisphere ranges 

 south in winter to central Chile — at least to Talcahuano (Sharpe) 

 and probably to Valdivia (Boeck) — and to Sao Paulo in Brazil 

 (Ihering). It winters on the coasts of northern South America, in 

 the West Indies, Central America, Mexico, and north to the coast of 

 South Carolina (Coues), Louisiana (Beyer), Texas (Merrill), and in 

 California at least as far north as San Francisco (Mailliard). 



Spring migration. — The turnstone, notwithstanding it winters so 1 

 far north, is a late migrant. The probable explanation is that its 

 breeding grounds in the far north are not ready for occupancy until 

 nearly midsummer. It was seen May 7, 1906, on Pea and Bodie 

 islands, North Carolina (Bishop). The average date of arrival on 

 Long Island, New York, is May 16, earliest May 12, 1897 (Scott); 

 eastern Massachusetts, May 5, earliest May 1, 1892 (Mackay); Erie, 

 Pa., May 24, 1893 (Todd). It appears to be rare in spring north of 

 Maine on the Atlantic coast. 



The species is rare in the interior of the United States, but has been 

 noted a few times in nearly every State east of the Rocky Mountains. 

 Some dates of arrival are : Starke County, Ind., May 20, 1888 (Butler) ; 

 Oberlin, Ohio, May 16, 1901 (Jones); southern Ontario, average May 

 27, earliest May 24, 1900 (Nash); Leech Lake, Minn., May 24, 1903 

 (Currier); Indian Head, Saskatchewan, May 15, 1892 (Macoun); 

 Fort Chipewyan, Alberta, May 25, 1901 (Preble); Fort Resolution,. 

 Mackenzie, June 1, 1860 (Kennicott); Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, 

 May 29, 1904 (Preble); Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 10, 1864 

 (MacFarlane); Winter Island, Melville Peninsula, June 14, 1822 

 (Richardson). 



It was found off the coast of Venezuela, July 2, 1892 (Hartert)^ 

 July 7, 1895 (Robinson), and early July, 1901 (Clark). A few are- 

 said to remain all summer on Carriacou Island, West Indies (Wells) » 

 52928°— Bull. 35—10 7 



