PAUL LEVERKUHN, M.D. 201 



riches. He built several different ovens for hatching 

 chickens, which baked simultaneously cakes and bread. 

 The well-known English surgeon, Edward Jenner, who was 

 the inventor of vaccination, took special interest in the 

 natural history of the Cuckoo {Cuculus canoriis) and pub- 

 lished some observations on this subject which are still of 

 value. 



Many physicians are famous naturalists. Everyone knows 

 Sir Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica, in which 

 curious old volume plenty of interesting and extraordinary 

 novelties are treated. In Germany we can refer to the 

 excellent anatomist Chr. L, Nitzsch, the first who wrote on 

 pterylography , the Hanoverian, Johann Friedrich Blumen- 

 bach ; Dr. C. G. Giebel, author of the Thesaurus Ornitho- 

 logiEe ; Dr. Fr. Tiedemann ; Dr. Gustav Hartlaub of Bremen 

 and Dr. Otto Finsch, who edited works together; Kutter, 

 who possessed one of the finest egg-collections in the world ; 

 Reichenbach, the late director of the Dresden museum ; 

 Ziirn, the poultry man ; in Switzerland, Herr von Tschudi, 

 author of the often re-issued Thierleben der Alpenwelt ; 

 Girtanner, the monographer of the Lammergeyer {Gypaetos 

 barbatus) and of Capra ibex ; C. Stolker of St. Fiden, who 

 studied the pathology of birds ; in France, Geoffrey Saint- 

 Hilaire * and Milne-Edwards f ; while in Italy and Spain the 

 names of H. Giglioli, Schiavuzzi, Azara, and others are 

 known to everybody who studies, bird-life. Besides these 

 naturalists, many ornithologists of our days have made this 

 science their only and favorite study. But as much money 

 is required to carry out these studies many of them are at 

 the same time merchants. The well-known author of The 

 Birds of Europe, Henry E. Dresser, finished his works after 



* The tvriter does not state whether he means fitienne Geoffrey Saint- 

 Hilaire, or his son Isidore, both of whom were eminent French 

 zoologists. — E. C. 



t There were two of this name, Henri Milne-Edwards, and his son 

 Alphonse; we are uncertain which is meant. — E, C. 



