of Living elephants. 219 



Our male Indian skeletons have shewed me that the differences in 

 proportion of the varieties is very inconsiderable. 



The bones of the females have proved that the sexes do not produce 

 in the skeleton well-marked characters, except a little more thinness 

 in the long bones of the female, and some differences in the pelvis ; 

 but I saw at the same time that the species produce such, that several 

 bones, each examined separately and with attention, may make it 

 known without any other aid, whether they come from the African 

 species, or that of India. 



1st. The scapula, for example, furnishes characters as well marked 

 as the cranium. Its three sides have different proportions, and its 

 angles different openings : in fine, its neck is mucli broader, and the 

 recurrent process of its spine is quite differently placed in the Indian 

 elephant from what it is in that of Africa. 



In the scapula of the Indian elephant (pi. 14, fig. 6) the apophysis 

 is between the middle and the lower third of the length of the bone ; 

 in that of Africa (ib.fig. 7) it is below the lower fourth. 



2nd. The humerus affords specific characters less striking than the 

 scapula. 



However, that of Africa is more lank than that of India. Its deltoid 

 ridge descends lower; its inferior external ridge projects less out. 

 (See pi. 1 , fig. 4, A, that of Africa, and I, that of India). 



The canal of the biceps is also broader in the humerus of the 

 African than in that of the Indian elephant. 



See pi. 7, fig. 3, where the upper heads of the three humeri are 

 represented. 



3rd. The fore-arm. The figs. 16 — 23 of plate 13, all in the twelfth, 

 by giving an idea of the singular conformation of the fore-arm, such as 

 we have described above, shew also that these bones are, as the others, 

 thinner in the African elephant (fig. 16, 19) than in that of India 

 (fig. 20,23). The comparison of the figs. 19 and 23, which shew the 

 upper heads seen perpendicularly, points out that that of the radius 

 is placed more obliquely in the Indian elephant, more transversely in 

 that of Africa. 



1 have not found between the pelvis of the Indian elephant and that 

 of the African elephant differences strong enough for a drawing to 

 make them perceptible. 



4th. The femur. In elephants in general, this bone is very long 

 and much flattened from before backwards. The African species has 

 it more slender, and with its neck shorter, which renders its upper 

 part less wide than in the Indian species. (See pi. 11, fig. 6 and 7). 



5th. The leg. The tibia of the African is much more slender than 

 that of the Indian. One may judge of it by the figs. 10, 11, and 12 

 of plate 1 3, which represent the tibia of the Indian species, compared 

 to the figs. 13, 14, and 15, which are of that of the African, all in the 

 twelfth. 



In other respects, the forms of these bones and of their facettes pre 

 sent few differences. 



6th. The forefoot did not present to me, between the Indian and the 

 African elephant, other differences than a larger size in all the bones 

 of the thumb,- and a little more thickness in the metacarpal bone of 

 the index, and' in that of the little toe of the former. 



