22S ON THE rOSSIL BONES OK PACHYDERMATOUS QUADRUPEDS. 



east on the other side of the Tiher, where lie. had found a tusk, a thigh, 

 and fragments of the tibia, and another at Monte Petriolo, seven miles 

 to the east of Perugia. They, moreover, brought him a tusk found 

 at San-Faustino, a mile outside the city, where these bones are 

 found in the courses of torrents, an astragalus, and a portion of a tusk 

 found at Pozzuolo, a village lying between Monte Pulciano and the 

 lake of Thrasimene, where there was also the fragment of the jaw of 

 an hippopotamus. I have seen all those relics in his cabinet. He told 

 me, moreover, of a piece of agatised tusk being in the possession of 

 M. Charles de Sorbello, who had found it close to the lake. 



Towards the left bank of the Tiber, Mr. Cranali discovered rows of 

 elephants' teeth at a village to the north of Todi, and to the south of 

 Perugia. Passeri had previously mentioned a skull, a lower jaw, and 

 a thigh, five feet long, which had been found in the neighbourhood of 

 Todi*. 



The papal states between the Apennines and the Adriatic have 

 likewise yielded the bones of elephants. Passeri, in his history of the 

 fossils of the district of Pessaro f, speaks of a skeleton laid bare by the 

 current of a rivulet in 1759. At Orciano, near Fossombrone, on the 

 Metauro. In the preceding century, another had been found in the 

 same place, and had long remained hanging on the wall of the church. 

 A third, discovered at La Schieggia, near Gubbio, on the Flaminian 

 way, and at the sources of the Finenceino, is still preserved in the li- 

 brary of Gubbio J. 



Mr. Paul Spadonio, professor at Macerate, has given a description of 

 a skeleton, found in January, 1808, in an argillaceous clay, at Belvi- 

 dere, in the marches of Ancona, not far from Jesi, which is also on the 

 Fumesino §. 



There are some writers who have not failed to attribute these fossils 

 to the defeat of Asdrubal on the Metauro, in the year 207 before 

 Christ. Livy, indeed, expressly states, that there were many elephants 

 killed at that battle by their own drivers ||. Yet we must observe 

 upon this, as upon every similar occasion, that a fact so general as that 

 of the existence of the fossil bones of elephants will not admit of any 

 particular explanations. 



Leaving the papal states and following the courses of the Tiber, the 

 Clanis or Chiana, and the Arno, we mtet with the bones of elephants 

 in greater abundance as we proceed. The valley of the Chisna, the 

 valley of the Arno, and the several vallies in that direction, contain 

 them in astonishing quantities. 



A short time since Mr. Fabbroni sent me two rows belonging to an 

 upper jaw, found in thatpart of the valley of Chiona, which the labours 

 of Mr. Fossombroni have transformed from a muddy and pestilential 

 marsh into a beautiful and fertile country. 



* Passari on the History of the Fossils of Pisaro and its Vicinity. Bologna, 1775, 

 pp. 56, 57. 

 f Ibid. p. 58. 

 X Ibid. p. 63. 



§ See the Letters of MM. Spadoni and Canali, quoted in a former note. 

 || Livy, Book xxvii, chap. 49. 



