30C ON THE FOSSIL BONES OF PACHYDERMATOUS QUADRUPEDS. 



Hence, the canal is much wider in proportion to the total length of the 

 jaw ; but then, 2nd]y, it is much shorter. 



In the Indian and African species, as the articulating surfaces of the 

 tusks do not descend below the point of the lower jaw, the latter may- 

 advance between the tusks. Hence it is prolonged in a species of 

 pointed apojihysis. 



In the fossil heads, on the contrary, wherein these articulating sur- 

 faces are much longer, the jaw must necessarily be, if I may be allowed 

 the expression, stunted in front : it could have no other termination. 



These two differences must at once strike the eye of every body 

 looking upon the figures J , 2, 3, 4, 5, of plate 2, which are all on a 

 scale of one-sixth of their natural size. 

 Fig. 1, is a jaw of the African species. 



Fig. 2, is a jaw belonging to the head of the Indian species, with 

 long tusks, or Dauntelah. 



Fig. 3, is a jaw of the great Indian skeleton, with short tusks, or 

 Mooknah. 



Figs. 4 and 5, represent the two fossil jaws, found in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Cologne. 



In plate 8, figs. 4 and 5, I have given the profile of these two por- 

 tions of fossil jaws, in order that they may be compared with those of 

 the living species, represented in the same plate, figures 2 and 3. I 

 have, moreover, marked with dots a particular jaw, to show how it 

 should be beneath the fossil skull, fig. 1. 



The fossil jaws preserved in the Museum of Darmstadt, of which I 

 have got drawings, and one of w^^.ich has been represented by Merk, in 

 plate 3 of his second Letter, and another found in a lake in Hungary, 

 presented by Marsigli, and v/hich I have since observed in the Museum 

 of Bologna, have precisely the same characters ; and I have again found 

 them more recently in an enormous half jaw, found at Romag- 

 nano ; and in another of minor proportions, found at Monte-Verde, near 

 Rome. 



I have, moreover, observed them in two specimens in the Museum of 

 the late M. Fontana at Florence, and in four of that of the Grand Duke 

 of Tuscany in the same city ; of the latter, two were whole, and tw'O 

 half jaws. 



An additional confirmation of those characteristics, as well as 

 of those of the teeth, is to be found in the drawing of a lower jaw, 

 sent by -the Academy of Petersbourg, and copied plate 14, fig. 1 ; 

 in that of another jaw of the Museum of that Academy, found on 

 the banks of the VVolga, and presented by M. Tilesius ; (I have given 

 a copy of it, plate 15, fig. 10) ; in the drawing of a third, found at Can- 

 stadt, preserved by an apothecary of Stuttgart, which I represent, 

 plate 17, fig. 2. Nevertheless, I should not omit to state that my 

 learned friend, M. Adrian Camper, is in possession of a jaw from 

 Ceylon, deviating in a considerable degree from those of the living 

 species which I have just mentioned. 



Compared with a fossil jav/ of equal dimensions, its anterior canal 

 has been found to be wider and much shallower, and the jaws almost as 

 perfectly parallel; while another jaw, also found at Ceylon, has the same 

 canal much narrower than the first. 



