310 ox THE FOSSIL BONES OF PACHYDERMATOUS QUADRUPEDS. 



The length of the fossil cubitus indicates an elephant nine feet and a 

 half high. 



4th. The Pelvis. — Peter Camper has published an engraving of the 

 mutilated half of a pelvis, in the twenty-third volume of the Memoirs 

 of the Academy of Haarlem. There is another, likewise very much, 

 mutilated, in the Museum of Darmstadt, of which I have given two 

 drawings, plate 13, figs, 1, and 2, on a reduced scale from those sent 

 me by MM. Schleyermacher and Borckhausen. I have placed beside' 

 them (figs. 3 and 4) two similar views of the pelvis of the Indian elephant 

 Dauntelah. To this I have added (plate 16, figs. 1, and 2), figures of 

 the half pelvis which was in the Museum of Amsterdam in 1811. It 

 is seen from above and from below, and is reduced to a third. The 

 mutilated parts not admitting a comparison, we are reduced to ex- 

 amine the figure of the straight, and that of tiie oval holes, and of the 

 fossil of the acetabalum, with their respective proportions. 



It would appear that the antero-posterior diameter is larger in pro- 

 portion in the fossil. Its ovalar holes are larger than its cotyloid 

 trenches, while the contrary' is the case in the living animal. 



Here is a comparative table of the dimensions, taken from the pelvis 

 of Darmstadt. 



Diameter of the cotyloid fossal 



Vertrical diameter of the ovalar holes . , . 



Transverse diameter 



Antero-posterior diameter of the straight. 

 Transverse diameter 



Fossil 



Indian 



Pelvis. 



Pelvis. 



0,135 



0,130 



0,175 



0,108 



0,108 



0,059 



0.5 



0,3 



2,47 



0,32 



To judge from the length of the cotyloid fossa, this fossil pelvis m.ust 

 have belonged to an elephant less than eight feet high. 



I do not find quite the same disproportion in the specimen given in 

 plate 16, but I there find that that portion of the os ilium w^hich articu- 

 lates with the OS sacrum is larger in proportion, and that its internal 

 edo-e is so shaped as to make it become more parallel with the pubis 

 than is observable in the living elephant. 



A portion of the 2sc/i»«« brought from Italy by M. Faujas, has 

 ofi'ered me another distinctive characteristic, which I had vainly en- 

 deavoured to discover in his figures, although I have since obser\'ed 

 that it is pointed out in that of Camper. It is a rather deep fossa at 

 the upper surface of the bone, between the edge of the cotyloid fossa 

 and the internal edge of the ischium. I have not been able to dis- 

 cover any traces of a similar one, either in the Indian or African 

 elephant. 



This specimen has belonged to an individual twelve feet in height. 

 The half described by Camper, belonged to an animal nine feet and a 

 half high. 



5th. The Femur. — The first fossil femur which I had an opportunity 

 of examining (plate 11, fig. 8), and which was found in Siberia (Dau- 

 benton. No. mxxxiv), had its upper part mutilated; but its lower 

 extremity has furnished me with a distinct characteristic, easily observ- 



